桂西南喀斯特瀑布水生苔藓植物生物多样性与生态沉积类型研究  

Biodiversity and Ecological Depositing Types of Aquatic Bryophytes at Karst Waterfalls in Southwest Guangxi

作　　者：张朝晖[1] 陈家宽[1] 

机构地区：[1]复旦大学生物多样性科学研究所生物多样性与生态工程教育部重点实验室

出　　处：《沉积学报》2007年第4期603-611,共9页Acta Sedimentologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(批准号:30460014);国家人事部留学人员择优资助项目[国人部发(2003)50号];贵州省优秀科技教育人才省长专项基金[黔科教(2003)04]资助

摘　　要：作者于2005年11月赴桂西南野外考察了14个喀斯特瀑布,共采集245份水生苔藓植物标本和沉积样品。经室内分析研究,该地苔藓植物具有下列生物多样性特征:(1)苔藓(Bryophytes)种类多样性由11科19属36种(含变种亚种)组成,其中含广西新记录25种;藓类(Mosses)含8科15属30种,苔类(Liverworts)3科4属6种。(2)生活型多样性含高丛集型(38.89%)、矮丛集型(19.44%)、交织型(27.78%)和平埔型(13.89%)4种类型。(3)地理成分多样性含世界分布(13.89%),北温带分布(36.11%),热带亚洲分布s(16.67%),东亚分布(19.44.11%)和中国特有(13.89%)等5种成分。(4)苔藓生殖系统多样性由3种类型组成,其中雌雄异株(Dioecious)占总数的83.33%,雌雄同株异苞(Autoecious)占总数的2.78%,雌雄同株同苞(Synoecious)的种类仅占总数的13.89%。根据桂西南喀斯特瀑布沉积的环境和生物组成特征,可把生态沉积类型划分为:溪流瀑华,河流瀑华,石灰华坝和洞穴钙华4种沉积类型及12种生物沉积亚类型。245 specimens and samples of aquatic bryophytes were collected from 14 karst waterfalls in southwest Guangxi, P. R. China in November, 2005. The characteristics of bryological biodiversity as follows ： （ 1 ） It consists of 36 bryophyte taxa in 19 genera and 11 families. Among them, 30 moss taxa in 15 genera and 8 families were founded while 6 liverwort taxa in 4 genera and 3 families were recorded. （2）The life-forms are Tall turfs （38.89%）, Short turfs （ 19.44% ）, Mats （ 13.89% ） and Wefts （27.78%）. （3）The phytogeographical elements include Cosmopolitans （ 13.57% ）, North Temperate elements （ 36.11% ）, Tropical Asia elements（ 16.67% ）, East Asia elements （19.44%） and Endemic to China（ 13.89% ） . （4）The reproductive systems consist of three types： Dioecious taxa is 83.33%, Synoecious is 13.89% while autoecious 2.78 %. According to the feature of environmental factors and key bryophyte species, 4 ecological types （ stream waterfall deposition, river waterfall deposition, dam deposition and cave deposition） and 12 subtypes of biokarst depositions associated with bryophytes can be distinguished.

关 键 词：水生苔藓植物 生物多样性 生态沉积类型 喀斯特瀑布 桂西南 

分 类 号：Q948[生物学—植物学]