不同授粉方法对克服百合杂交受精前障碍的作用  

Effects of different pollination methods on bypassing pre-fertilization barriers in lily breeding

作　　者：陈琼[1] 穆鼎[2] 义鸣放[1] 明军[2] 刘春[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学农学与生物技术学院,北京100094 [2]中国农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《中国农业大学学报》2007年第4期35-40,共6页Journal of China Agricultural University

基　　金：国家863计划项目(2002AA241051);科技部国家社会公益项目资助(2005DID022)

摘　　要：为克服由受精前障碍造成的百合杂交不亲和,以3个杂种系的品种和2个野生种为试材,探讨了切割花柱授粉对百合品种自交、近缘杂交和切割花柱授粉、柱头涂抹1 g/L BA或1 g/L NAA或柱头涂抹花粉培养液4种授粉方法对百合远缘杂交,以及花柱长度对百合近缘杂交结实的影响。结果表明:切割花柱授粉法促进百合‘Sor-bonne’的自交结实,获得30个自交胚,与对照比差异极显著(P<0.01)。11个近缘杂交组合中,切割花柱授粉法使本来亲和的6个近缘杂交组合所形成的杂种胚数从30个以上减少至10个以下,有的组合甚至1个杂种胚都没有得到。应用在远缘杂交组合上的授粉方法,只有柱头涂抹花粉培养液得到了8个果,比作为对照的柱头授粉法多6个果,但最终均未得到杂种胚。正反交的4个组合,以花柱较长的亲本为母本时成胚数较多;母本相同的2个近缘杂交组合,父本花柱较短的组合成胚数较多。可见,切割花柱授粉法能克服‘Sorbonne’的自交不亲和性,但对本试验的近缘杂交组合没有促进作用。对于东方百合品种‘Casa Blanca’与‘Sorbonne’正反交,以及‘Casa Blanca’与‘Siberia’正反交这2个近缘杂交组合,母本花柱比父本花柱长,并不阻碍杂交结实。To overcome incompatibility caused by pre-fertilization barriers in lily breeding, we used two species and three hybrids of lily, to study use of cut-style pollination to overcome incompatibility associated with self-pollination and intraspecific hybridization. The cut-style pollination was achieved by applying 0. 1 % BA, 0. 1 % NAA and a liquid medium of pollen culture to the stigma and observing the influence of style length on the production rate of ovules. About 30 ovules were obtained with cut-style pollination during self-pollination of ‘Sorbonne＇, significantly more than CK. But, the production rate of ovules decreased from more than 30 to less than 10 in 6 intraspecif.ic crosses which were compatible; some of those crosses formed no capsule even with the same method. Only 8 interspecific capsules were obtained with liquid medium of pollen culture, which were 6 more than CK, but no interspecific ovule was obtained. When longer pollen tube forming varieties were used as female parents in 4 intraspecific reciprocal hybridizations, the rate of production of ovules was higher. In 2 other intraspecific crosses with the same female parent, more ovules were obtained when shorter pollen tube forming varieties were used as male parents. The results demonstrated that application of cutstyle pollination can overcome self-incompatibility of ‘Sorbonne＇, but have no effects on intraspecific hybridization. When longer pollen tube forming varieties were used as female parents in intraspecific reciprocal hybridizations‘Casa Blanca＇ and‘ Sorbonne＇ and‘ Casa Blanca＇ and‘ Siberia＇, the efficiency of fertilization was not hampered.

关 键 词：百合 自交 杂交 授粉方法 花柱长度 成胚数 

分 类 号：S682.2[农业科学—观赏园艺]