先秦寓言源流及其修辞功能  

The Origin and Development and their Rhetoric Function of the Fables before Qin Dynasty

作　　者：过常宝[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学文学院,北京100875

出　　处：《中国文学研究》2007年第3期28-32,共5页Research of Chinese Literature

摘　　要：战国寓言并不是一种凭空兴起的新的文体,而是在前代"征引"和"立象尽意"两种经典话语方式上发展而来的。流俗故事和创作故事的引入,使得寓言有了自己的文体意义。《韩非子》中的《储说》、《说林》等篇,通过对"征引"或"立象"语言材料的整理、编辑,使得寓言的文体意义更加明显。寓言也因此以"小说"之名在先秦流传。《庄子》中的形象寓言追求启示性,表现为开放的多义性特点。而策士寓言则多经验性的故事,其修辞功能可概括为戏剧性和片面绝对性。它通过虚构等形式特征,剥夺听者的现实立场和对现实的理解能力,同时又以故事化、专题化等方式,将现实矛盾更集中更尖锐地呈现出来,从而得出片面而绝对的结论。战国时代鄙夷神性、德性而依赖世俗经验的文化背景导致了寓言的发达。The Warring States fable was certainly not the new literary style which emerged from nowhere, but was born and flourishing from two classical words ways in the previous times,＂ zhenyin＂and ＂lixiangjinyi＂ （＂ quotation from other materials＂ and ＂express ideas by certain images＂ ）. The current fad story and the created story enabled the fable to have their literary style significance. ~＇ Chu Shuo＂ and ＂Shuo Lin＂ in ＂Han Fei -zi＂ have more obvious literary style significance through collecting and editing the language material in ＂quotation＂ or ＂imges＂. The fable therefore spreaded in the name of ＂the novel＂ in the preqin. The fables in ＂Zhuang Zi＂ were open and polysemous and pursued enlightenment. But strategist and adviser fable were experience story, its rhetoric merit turned on theatrical nature and one - sided and absolute. They fictionalized the story and then deprived listeners＇ realistic standpoint and understanding ability, simultaneously centralized the realistic contradiction incisively, thus drawn the absolute and one -sided conclusions . The cultural despising the divine, the morality, but relying on the common custom experience in The Warring States time gave birth to and developed the fables.

关 键 词：寓言 征引 立象尽意 修辞功能 

分 类 号：I276.4[文学—中国文学]