玉米花粉诱导不同基因型小麦单倍体得胚率的比较及幼胚离体培养方法对成苗率的影响  

Comparison of Gain Embryo Ratio Production of Different Genotypes Haploid Wheat from Wheat×maize and Effect of Immature Embryo in Vitro Culture on Plantlet Formation Percentage

作　　者：张新玲[1] 王霞[2] 石书兵[2] 高桂华[2] 古丽杰米拉[2] 

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学科学技术学院,乌鲁木齐830052 [2]新疆农业大学农学院

出　　处：《新疆农业大学学报》2007年第3期19-22,共4页Journal of Xinjiang Agricultural University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30060044);新疆自然科学基金项目(20007)

摘　　要：选用六倍体普通小麦JYP97系列、常规材料小披白粒,9312（Z）、贵农、恒丰1号和四倍体硬粒小麦、雄性不育系HB系列（12号、11号、13号、26号）等不同倍性或不同基因型的小麦与玉米加-1、超-1、加-6、综-1、701,703等杂交,采用1/2MS培养基,剥取胚龄为14 d、大小为0.4～1.0 mm的小麦杂种幼胚,接种于培养基上,放置24～25℃黑暗条件下2～3周,置于温度为（26±1）℃、光照为1800～2 000 lx的条件下进行幼胚离体培养。结果表明：玉米花粉诱导六倍体普通小麦得胚率为5.4%,明显高于四倍体,玉米花粉诱导雄性不育系的得胚率为3.2%,高于常规材料。混合玉米花粉诱导小麦单倍体得胚率4.6%,高于单一玉米花粉。采用未加任何激素的1/2MS培养基,选取14 d胚龄0.4～1.0 mm的幼胚离体培养,成苗率为81%,显著高于前人所采用的其它培养基进行幼胚离体培养的成苗率。The experiments were conducted to study hexaploid wheat and tetraploid durum wheat and male sterile line of wheat crossing with maize. The hybrid embryos of immature embryonic age of 14 days and size of 0.4-1.0 mm were taken on 1/2MS media in vitro,24-25℃ for 2-3 weeks in dark and （26±1）℃ illumination for 1 800-2 000 lx. The results show that the rate of hexaploid wheat embryonic induced by pollen of maize was 5.4%, and much more than that of tetraploid durum wheat;the rate of wheat embryonic of male sterile line induced by pollen of maize was 3.2% ,and much more than that of check;the rate of wheat embryonic induced by mixture pollen of different varieties of maize was 4. 6%, and much more than that of pollen mono-variety of maize. The percentage of plantlet formation with age of 14 days and size of 0.4-1.0 mm taken on 1/2MS media in vitro with no hormone is 81%,more significant than that of others.

关 键 词：小麦 玉米 远缘杂交 孤雌生殖 单倍体胚 幼胚离体培养 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]