江河源区高寒草地畜牧业现状及可持续发展策略  

Situations and Strategy of Sustained Development on Alpine Grassland-Livestock Industry in Headwater Region of Yangtze and Yellow Rivers

作　　者：董全民[1] 赵新全[2] 马玉寿[1] 

机构地区：[1]青海省畜牧兽医科学院,青海西宁810016 [2]中国科学院西北高原生物研究所,青海西宁810001

出　　处：《农业现代化研究》2007年第4期438-442,共5页Research of Agricultural Modernization

基　　金：国家"十五"科技攻关计划重大项目(编号:2001BA606A-02);国家"十一五"科技支撑计划重大项目(编号:2006BAC01A-02)

摘　　要：人类无节制的索取、掠夺,导致江河源区草地畜牧业存在着一系列问题:草地生产与家畜之间供求矛盾突出;超载过牧及鼠虫害严重、草地严重退化;畜群结构不合理、抗灾保畜能力差;高寒草地畜牧业理论研究不足、缺乏高质量的示范区。针对该地区草地畜牧业存在的问题,根据国家西部大开发和可持续发展战略的需求,应当做到:①加强天然草地资源的科学管理和合理利用;②发展季节畜牧业、加快畜群周转;③建植和利用已建的人工草地,加强冷季补饲和育肥;④优化家庭牧场生态结构及生产模式;⑤建立建全草地资源监测(包括野生动物监测)、预报和综合评价指标体系;⑥建立不同生态类型畜牧业优化生产模式及技术体系的示范区;⑦加强牧区教育和基础设施建设、建立生态建设补偿机制。Human having come down and depredated immoderately on grassland resource had been badly threatening living environment and sustainable development in Yangtze and Yellow Rivers headwater region. Which resulted in a series of problems on grassland-livestock industry：contradiction of supply and demand between grassland and livestock being outstanding;overstocking,mouse and insect pest being bad,and rangeland badly degraded;drove structure being immoderate,and infrastructure of resisting disaster and protecting livestock being bad;theory study of alpine grassland-livestock industry being scarce and lacking good demonstration templets.Tberefore,contmposing problems of grassland-livestock industry in this region,according to national demand strategies of western expending and sustainable developing,these would be done as follows： ①to strengthen scientific management and reasonable utilization of natural mngeland resources;②to development seasonal livestock industry and quicken turnover of drove; ③to plant and use planted artificial grassland,and to enhance supplementary in winter;④to optimize ecological structure and production model of household farmer;⑤ to found and perfect supervising（including wild animal） , forecasting , and all-round evaluating system for rangeland resources;⑥to establish optimal production models of livestock industry and demonstration region of technological system in the different eco-type grasslands; ⑦to reinforce pastoral education and infrastructure build,and to erect ecological compensation mechanism.

关 键 词：江河源区 草地畜牧业 可持续发展策略 

分 类 号：S8-1[农业科学—畜牧兽医] S812.8