公路收费亭内外空气污染特征及其影响因素  

Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Air Pollution in and out of the Highway Toll Gates

作　　者：陈克军[1] 陈克亮[2] 张兰军[1] 冷光义[1] 

机构地区：[1]重庆交通科研设计院,重庆400067 [2]南京大学环境学院污染控制与资源化研究国家重点实验室,南京210093

出　　处：《环境科学》2007年第8期1847-1853,共7页Environmental Science

基　　金：西部交通科技项目(200139822381)

摘　　要：2003—06～2003—07对重庆市辖4个收费站中的收费亭内外一氧化碳（CO）、二氧化氮（NO2）、总烃（THC）和可吸入颗粒物（PM10）进行了采样监测，同时还观测了气温、大气压、风速和车流量等影响因素，通过二元相关和偏相关分析方法探讨了收费亭内外各空气污染指标与影响因素之间的关系．结果表明，收费亭外CO和PM10小时平均浓度值比亭内高，亭内NO2和THC的小时平均浓度值比亭外高．重庆站亭内外NO2和茶园站亭内外CO的小时平均浓度值超过环境空气二级标准，其它各收费亭内外NO2和CO的小时平均浓度均值未超过相关标准限值，其最高值均超过相关标准；各收费亭内外THC小时平均浓度均值分别达7．728mg／m^3和7．216mg／m^3，均超过标准限值10倍以上；收费亭内外PM10变化幅度较大，亭外均值0．217mg／m^3，高于环境空气质量二级标准，亭内最高值达0．631mg／m^3，是室内空气标准日均值标准限值的4．2倍．在4个收费站的收费亭内外空气污染程度比较分析中，以重庆收费站为最严重，有3个指标的均值比其他收费站高．在污染指标与影响因素相关分析中，收费亭内外污染物之间的存在着一定的相关关系，CO、PM10和NO2呈极显著相关，亭内外THC呈显著性相关，车流量与NO2、THC、PM10均呈极显著（P〈0．01）或显著相关（0．01〈P〈0．05），而与CO的污染程度相关性不显著；天气条件不同程度地影响各污染指标的浓度，分别以大气压和气温影响为主，风速影响不大．During June and July 2003, CO, NO2, THC and PM10 were sampled at the four highway toll gates in Chongqing. Air temperature, air pressure, wind velocity and traffic flow were also monitored simultaneously. The relation between air pollution parameters and influencing factors was analyzed by applying the methods of bivariate correlation and partial correlation. As shown in the monitoring result, the outdoor average concentrations of CO and PM10 exceed indoor ones, but NO2 and THC are reverse. The average concentrations of CO and NO2 at the toll gates don＇ t exceed the indoor and outdoor air quality standards except for the toll gate in Chongqing and Chayuan. One-hour average concentrations of outdoor and indoor THC are 7.728 mg/m^3 and 7.216 mg/m^3 respectively, and exceed ten times of the indoor air quality standard. One-hour average concentrations of indoor and outdoor PM10 change acutely respectively, and the their maximum concentrations are 0.631 mg/m^3 and 0.217 mg/m^3 which exceed indoor air quality standard and the second class of ambient air quality standard. Polluting state of Chongqing toll is the worst among the four sampled tolls, and three indexes are bigger than others. Indoor and outdoor air pollutants have eorrelativity. Correlations of CO, PM10 and NO2 are significant at the 0.01 level respectively, and correlations between indoor and outdoor THC are significant at the 0.05 level. In the influencing factors analysis, traffic flow is significantly correlative with NO2 , THC and PM10 （ p 〈 0.01 or 0.01 〈 p 〈 0.05）, and not significantly correlative with CO （ p 〉 0.01 ）. Air pressure and ambient temperature are predominating factors which influencing the concentration variation, and wind speed is a minor meteorological factor influencing the fluctuations of the data.

关 键 词：公路 收费亭 空气污染 

分 类 号：X51[环境科学与工程—环境工程]