分布式生态水文模型TOPOG在温带山地小流域的应用——以祁连山排露沟小流域为例  

The Application of the Distributed Eco-hydrological Model TOPOG in a Mountainous Small Watershed of Temperate Zone:A Case Study in the Small Watershed of Pailugou in Qilian Mountains

作　　者：董晓红[1] 于澎涛[1] 王彦辉[1] 王金叶[2] 王顺利 刘贤德 徐丽宏[1] 吴旭东[4] 

机构地区：[1]中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与保护研究所国家林业局森林生态环境重点实验室,北京100091 [2]桂林工学院旅游学院,广西桂林541004 [3]祁连山水源涵养林研究院,甘肃张掖734000 [4]内蒙古农业大学林学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010019

出　　处：《林业科学研究》2007年第4期477-484,共8页Forest Research

基　　金：国家林业局技术引进项目(2003-4-43);科技部科研院所社会公益研究专项(2004DIB3J102);国家自然科学基金项目(40671038和30230290)

摘　　要：TOPOG模型是基于热带森林小流域研究而开发的生态水文过程模型。为了检验该模型在模拟温带小流域森林水文影响方面的适用性,本文应用祁连山排露沟小流域2001年和2002年生长季的生态水文数据,运用TOPOG模型的“水量”模式模拟了流域的林冠截留、蒸散与径流等生态水文过程,并对其进行了检验。结果表明：TOPOG模型能准确的模拟雨量为5~25 mm的次降雨截留量;也能较准确的模拟海拔2730~3100 m的青海云杉林总蒸散量及其组成,以及海拔2700~2800 m的阳坡草地总蒸散量;模拟的生长季小流域径流量与实测值相一致。TOPOG model is an eco-hydrological model designed during forest hydrological studies with small watersheds in tropical region. In order to test the applicability of TOPOG for simulating the hydrological effects of forests in small watersheds of temperate zone, the meausered eco-and hydrological data in the growing seasons of 2001 and 2002 in the small watershed of Pailugou in Qilian Mountains were selected to simulate the hydrological processes such as canopy interception, evapotranspiration of different vegetation types and watershed runoff by using the ＂yield＂ mode of TOPOG. It showed that the canopy interception simulated matches the measured well when the rainfall amount of single rainfall events varies within 5 - 25 mm, and the total evapotranspiration as well as their composition from the forest stands of Picea crassifolia which grow within the elevation range of 2 730-3 100 m could be more accurately simulated ; for the grasslands growing within the elevation range of 2 700 -2 800 m on sunny slopes, their evapotranpiration could also be well simulated by TOPOG; the calculated runoff volume during growing seasons from the small watershed was close to the measured values.

关 键 词：温带山地 祁连山 生态水文过程 分布式生态水文模型 TOPOG 

分 类 号：S715[农业科学—林学]