三峡库区生态环境与疾病变化的监测  

SURVEILLANCE ON ECOLOGICAL CHANGES AND DISEASES AT THREE GORGES RESERVIOR AREA

作　　者：毛德强[1] 贾庆良[1] 汪新丽[1] 苏培学 张春华[1] 

机构地区：[1]重庆市疾病预防控制中心,重庆400042

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2007年第16期3012-3014,共3页Modern Preventive Medicine

基　　金：重庆市卫生局医学科学基金资助项目(2001-1010)

摘　　要：[目的]掌握库区人群成库前后的基本健康状况指标;重点传染病的发病情况及趋势;媒介生物鼠、蚊的分布、密度、带毒带菌情况、长江水质及饮用水水质变化情况等资料,为制定库区可能发生的重大疾病的预防措施提供科学依据。[方法]在库区重庆段沿江15个区县设立监测点,通过查阅资料、现场监测、实验室检测的方式收集资料。[结果]年均出生率为7.48‰,死亡率为4.23‰,婴儿死亡率6.95%,人口自然增长的年均率为2.61‰,人群期望寿命为72.27岁。居民死因前5位为循环系统、肿瘤、呼吸系统、意外死亡和消化系统疾病。传染病报告发病率为444.0~477.7/10万之间;健康人群出血热、钩体、乙脑抗体阳性率分别为1.93%、28.33%、32.76%。蓄水后鼠密度降低,鼠肺出血热带毒率为1.12%,鼠肾钩体带菌率为0.3%。蓄水后人房和畜圈蚊密度增高。生活饮用水源水质监测库区水源水和出厂水卫生质量差,尤其是细菌学指标不合格。三峡库区疾病预防控制工作运行正常,库区的环境变化目前尚未对人群的基本健康状况造成明显的影响。传染病发病情况和流行趋势与全市其他地区基本一致,但存在肠道传染病暴发流行的潜在危险。[结论]该区今后应连续监测鼠密度,密切关注鼠传疾病鼠种的变化情况并长期对库区开展水质监测;在库区开展鼠传和肠道传染病的防制知识培训,作好应急准备。[Objective] To collect the data of basic health indices, the incidence rates and epidemic tendency ot infectious diseases; master the distribution and densities of rats and mosquitoes, as well as bacterium and virus which they have, and survey the water quality of Yangtze River before and after impoundment in Three Gorges Reservior Area in Chongqing, so as to provide scientific evidence for strategies to prevent serious diseases. [Methods] 15 surveillance points were setted along the Yangtze River in Chongqing, and the data were collected by consulting documents, field monitoring and laboratory examination. [Results] The annual average birth-rate was 7.48‰, annual average mortality rate was 4.23‰, annual average infant mortality was 6.95%, and the annual natural increase rate of poptdation was 2.61‰, life expentancy was 74.89 years. The main five death causes were circulatory disease, malignancy, respiratory system disease, accidental death and digestive system disease. The reported incidence rates of infectious disease ranged from 444.0/1 000 000 to 477.7/1 000 000. The positive rates of haemorrhage, Leptospirosis and Japanese encephalitis antibody were 1.93%, 28.33% and 32.76%. respectively. After impoundment, the rat density decreased, the positive rate of rat lung with haemorrhage virus was 1.12%, and the rate of rat kidnev with Lentosnirosis bacteria was 0.3%. The mosquito densities of human room and livestock stalls increased after imnoundment. The quality of source water and drinking water was unqualified, expecially for bacteriological index. [Conclusions] The disease prevention and control system in Three Gorges Seservior Area is in good condition. The ecological changes has no harmful effect on people,s health. The incidence and epidemic of infectious disease in Three Gorges Reservior Area are in accordance with the whole city, but there is potential risk of outbreak with intestinal infectious diseases. In the future, continuous surveillance of rat density ,the change of rat species and water qual

关 键 词：三峡库区 生态环境 疾病 

分 类 号：R12[医药卫生—环境卫生学]