中国的经济结构、增长速度与能源效率  

China's economic structure,growth pace and energy efficiency

作　　者：史丹[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院工业经济研究所

出　　处：《国际石油经济》2007年第7期7-15,共9页International Petroleum Economics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目"我国能源利用效率及其影响因素分析"阶段性成果;项目批准文号:50556002。

摘　　要：从我国能源利用效率变动的历史轨迹可以发现,2000-2005年我国单位GDP能源消耗呈上升趋势。能耗上升的主要原因:从经济结构的角度来看,主要是高耗能产业发展加速,能源消费向高耗能行业集中;国际产业分工低端化工业增加值率下降;在能源进口不断增长的同时,高载能产品出口大幅度增长。从经济增长的角度来看,速度过快,超过我国经济增长潜力,导致,能源过度投入。为提高我国能源利用效率,应采取必要的政策和法律措施:把提高能源与资源利用效率、减少污染作为经济结构调整的重要标准;运用宏观调控手段,保持经济的适度增长;完善能源价格体系,充分发挥价格税收的调节作用;把提高能源利用效率作为自主创新和技术进步的重要目标;运用法律与行政手段,加强能源生产与消费的外部性监管。Examining the ups and downs of China's record in energy efficiency,we find a rising trend in unit GDP energy consumption from 2000 to 2005.There are several major causes for this increase.With regards to economic structure,energy consumption has become concentrated in energy-intensive industries due to their accelerating growth;with the international division of labor and its trend toward low-end products,industrial added value rates are falling;exports of energy-intensive products are increasing substantially,even as energy imports continue to climb.With regards to economic growth,the too-rapid development of energy-intensive industries has overshot China's economic growth potential,leading to over- investment in energy.Improving China's energy efficiency will require policy and legal measures:pollution reduction, as well as more efficient use of energy and resources,will have to be major standards in economic structural adjustment;macro-controls must be put in place to moderate economic growth;the energy pricing system must be refined,making full use of the regulating functions of pricing and taxation;energy efficiency must be a major target of independent innovation and technical progress; external supervision of production and consumption must be strengthened through legal and administrative measures.

关 键 词：能源效率 影响因素 变化趋劈 经济结构 经济增长速度 政策建议 

分 类 号：F124[经济管理—世界经济] F206