贫铀气溶胶在土壤中迁移深度的研究  

Preliminary study of depleted uranium aerosol migration in soils

作　　者：郭志英[1] 于水[1] 郑永红[1] 梁月琴[1] 刘丽萍[1] 宋占军[1] 赵法[1] 

机构地区：[1]军事医学科学院仪器测试分析中心,100850

出　　处：《中华放射医学与防护杂志》2007年第4期314-317,共4页Chinese Journal of Radiological Medicine and Protection

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目（40473056）

摘　　要：目的研究酸雨对贫铀在土壤中迁移深度的影响及贫铀在我国6类代表土壤中的迁移规律，并探讨贫铀在土壤中迁移时对地下水的影响。方法利用建立的贫铀在土壤中迁移的实验室模拟模型和电感耦合等离子体质谱技术，测定不同深度土层的铀浓度、^235U／^238U比值，以及淋洗液中的铀浓度，确定贫铀的迁移深度及其迁移对地下水可能造成的影响。结果在pH3．0的模拟酸雨的淋洗下，贫铀气溶胶在洗土和褐土中的迁移深度分别是6～8cm和4～6cm，并且随着淋洗液的酸度增加，贫铀在土壤中的迁移加深；贫铀在我国主要的6类土壤中的迁移深度介于0～4cm之间；贫铀在淋洗液和土壤中的分配系数小于0．004，淋洗液中的铀浓度为0．05～10．33μg/L。结论实验证明酸雨可以促进贫铀在土壤中的迁移。沉降在土壤表面的贫铀绝大部分停留在土壤表层中，对土壤造成长期污染，但对地下水造成影响的可能性较小。贫铀的迁移能力与土壤中的有机物含量有关。Objective To explore the depth of depleted uranium （DU） migration in six main kinds of Chinese soils and the pollution of the groundwater made by DU migration. Methods With the circulating column model and the inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry （ICP-MS）, concentration of uranium and the ratio of ^235U/^238U in different depth soils and in the corresponding filter liquids had been determined. Results In the acid rain of pH 3.0, the migration depth of DU in the washed soil and brown soil were 6-8 cm and 4-6 cm, respectively. And with the increment of the acidity of the acid rain, the migration depth of DU in the soils was increased. The migration depth of DU in the 6 types soils was 0-4 cm. The distributed factor between the liquids and soils was lower than 0.004, and the concentration of uranium in the filter liquids was 0.05-10.33μg/L. Conclusions The migration depth of DU in soils can be increased by the acid rain, and the majority of DU was stayed in the upper soils and DU pollution might exist for long time, but the probability of groundwater pollution was low. The migration capability of DU was interrelated with the concentration of organic compound in the soils.

关 键 词：贫铀 核素迁移 循环柱 电感耦合等离子体质谱 

分 类 号：X5[环境科学与工程—环境工程]