制备空间光机结构件的高体份SiC/Al复合材料  

High volume fraction SiC/Al composites for space-based optomechanical structures

作　　者：崔岩[1] 李丽富[2] 李景林[2] 任建岳[2] 

机构地区：[1]北京航空材料研究院先进复合材料国防科技重点实验室,北京100095 [2]中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所,吉林长春130033

出　　处：《光学精密工程》2007年第8期1175-1180,共6页Optics and Precision Engineering

基　　金：航空基金资助项目(No.03G21012);武器装备预研基金资助项目(No.51412010304HK5106;No.51460040204ZK1001)

摘　　要：采用无压浸渗复合新方法和自行研制的专用工艺设备，低成本地制备了用作空间光机结构件的高体份（55％～57％）SiC／Al复合材料大尺寸坯锭，并对其微观结构特征、基本的力学及热物理性能和断裂机制予以表征。此外，还通过线切割、电火花成型等特种加工手段将该种复合材料制造成反射镜背板、焦面板等一系列空间光机结构用典型样件。研究结果表明，该材料既有优异的结构承载功能（弹性模量213GPa，而比模量则比铝合金、钛合金及钢高出近两倍），又有卓越的热控功能（其热膨胀系数比钛合金还要低，热导率接近纯铝，达到235W／m·K），若以其替代钛合金用于空间光机结构可望获得显著的轻量化效果并降低热控负荷、改善热控效果。Using the special self-manufactured processing equipment, we fabricated the aluminium matrix composites with high volume fraction （55%～57%） SiC particles based on a novel pressureless infiltration fabrication technology. The microstructures, mechanical and physical properties, fracture mechanism of the composites were characterized. Additionally, several kinds of typical optomechanical components for space-based optical systems were produced successfully by means of electromachining （such as wire electrical discharge）, grinding , abrading, etc. The investigation reveals that the composites have good mechanical properties, such as ultra-high modulus （the Young’s modulus is 213 GPa, the specific modulus is approximately as three times as Al, Ti, and steel）, as well as prominent thermal management function（low thermal expansion coefficient （8 × 10^-6 K^-1）, and very high thermal conductivity （235 W/m · K））. Experimental results show that the new multi-function and lightweight SiC/Al composites can be used in the optomechanical systems in the space field to improve greatly the thermal management effect and to sharply decrease the whole weight of the space-based optomechanic structure.

关 键 词：SIC/AL复合材料 高体份 无压浸渗 空间光机结构 

分 类 号：V447.3[航空宇航科学与技术—飞行器设计] TH703[机械工程—仪器科学与技术]