塔里木河流域2005年四源流对干流供水径流情势分析  

Analysis of Streamflow from Four Source Rivers to Mainstream of the Tarim River,2005

作　　者：谢富明 毛炜峄[2] 张建岗[3] 高前兆[4] 沈永平[4] 王进[5] 王顺德[5] 

机构地区：[1]新疆水利厅金沟河流域管理处,新疆沙湾832100 [2]新疆气候中心,新疆乌鲁木齐830002 [3]塔里木河流域管理局,新疆库尔勒841000 [4]中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所,甘肃兰州730000 [5]阿克苏水文水资源勘测局,新疆阿克苏843000

出　　处：《冰川冻土》2007年第4期559-569,共11页Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology

基　　金：科技部社会公益研究专项"塔里木河流域气候暖湿化及人类活动对地表水资源的影响";中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目(KZCX2-YW-127);国家自然科学基金项目(40371022)资助

摘　　要：2004年塔里木河流域四条源流出山口天然径流量272.1×108m3,属丰水年,比多年平均值224.9×108m3多47.20×108m3,增加21.0%;比20世纪90年代平均241.9×108m3多30.20×108m3,增加12.8%,在1957-2005年49 a水文系列中排名第5位.其中,阿克苏河、叶尔羌河、和田河3条源流与多年均值比较,增幅达22%～25%,开都-孔雀河为平略偏丰.四条源流入塔里木河总水量为56.88×108m3,占四条源流出山口天然径流总量的20.9%.根据现今塔里木河综合治理,仍需要制定长远的全面流域规划,以生态系统建设为根本,从工程上、宏观水量控制管理上、经济上和科技手段上,保障实现塔里木河流域水资源的可持续开发利用.In 2005, annual virgin flow of 272.1×10^8m^3 from four mountains basins of Aksu, Hotan, Yarkant and Kaidu-Konque Rivers drain into the Tarim Basin, more 47.2 × 10^8m^3 than average annual streamflow of 224.9 × 10^8m^3 , increasing by 21%, is an abundant hydrological year. The total annual runoff from the four source rivers in 2005 ranked by No. 5 in last 49 years series of 1957- 2005. The runoffs in Aksu, Hotan, and Yarkant Rivers in 2005 are a wet year, increasing range of 22%～25% by compared to the mean annual runoff, and the Kaidu-Konque River is a normal year in 2005. The annual total virgin flow of Aksu, Hotan and Yarkant Rivers above the Aler gauging station are 236.3 × 10^8m^3 from the mountains basins, and of the Kaidu-Konque River from Tianshan Mountains 35. 81 × 10^8m^3. The total discharge of the four source rivers into Tarim River is 56.88 × 10^8m^3 in 2005, which three tributary river systems （Aksu, Hotan and Yarkant） contributes 53. 97 × 10^8m^3 flows to the Tarim River. Most of this water is consumptively used before reaching the confluence, total consumptive water of four source streams sum up 216.6×10^8m^3, occupy up 79.6 % of annual virgin flow from mountains basin. The proportion of consumed water of upper, middle and downstream occupy the whole consumed water of Tarim River mainstream comparing with their own woodland proportion respectively, the proportion of consumed water was more in the upper stream course, was a little in the middle streams course, and was correspond in the lower course. Water quantity has been drastically reduced and water quality has deteriorated dramatically in the lower reaches of the Tarim River which have negatively impacted irrigated agriculture and pasture lands. Based on the comprehensive governance project of the Tarim River at present, we still need a long-term comprehensive plan for the Tarim river basin to the ecosystem building as a fundamental engineering, by the macro-regulation of water resources management, economic and technological m

关 键 词：四源流径流量 对干流供水 径流情势 塔里木河流域 2005年 

分 类 号：P343[天文地球—水文科学]