冰碛湖溃决灾害研究进展  

An Overview of Researches on Moraine-Dammed Lake Outburst Flood Hazards

作　　者：王欣[1] 刘时银[2] 

机构地区：[1]湖南科技大学地球空间信息科学研究所,湖南湘潭411201 [2]中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所冰冻圈科学国家重点实验室,甘肃兰州730000

出　　处：《冰川冻土》2007年第4期626-635,共10页Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology

基　　金：中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目(KZCX2-YW-301);国家科技部基础性工作项目(2006FY110200);国家自然科学基金项目(40571034);中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目(KZCX3-SW-345)资助

摘　　要：近年来随着全球气候变暖和冰川退缩,冰碛湖溃决灾害受到了广泛的关注,对冰碛湖溃决洪水/泥石流灾害的研究也取得较大进展,经历了由野外观测到遥感手段与野外观测相结合、由定性半定量到定量、由经验估算到基于物理过程建模模拟的发展过程.从冰碛湖的识别与变化监测入手,综述了冰碛湖的溃决诱因与溃决机制、溃决风险评价指标体系、溃决洪水/泥石流的模拟以及溃决风险减缓措施等方面的研究进展与现状,展望了当前的研究工作的发展趋势,为进一步研究冰碛湖溃决洪水/泥石流灾害奠定基础.Due to climate warming in the recent decades, moraine-dammed lake outburst hazards are increasingly threatening people and property. Great progress has been made on the researches on the moraine-dammed lake outburst hazards, because they become a wide and intensive focus. The researches on moraine-dammed lake hazards experienced the processes from field survey for typical moraine-dammed lakes to remote sensing combined with field survey in large-scale regions, from qualitative, semi-quantitative calculation to quantitative computation, from empirical formula based evaluation to simulation based on physical mechanisms. This paper begins with the identification and variation detection, and summarizes the current studies of the causes and mechanisms of moraine-dammed lake outburst; the assessment index systems involved the moraine-dammed lake outburst risks, the possible simulation ways for moraine-dammed lake outburst floods and debris flows, and their mitigation measures. In the end, the paper outlines th＇e prospects of the researches on morainedammed lake outburst hazards, i. e. , 1） using remote sensing combined with field survey so as to make the assessment from qualitative to quantitative, 2 ） using multi-measures with multi-data sources in order to simulate the moraine-dammed lake outburst hazards systematically, 3） using mitigation techniques integrated with humanity environment factors to remedy the outburst hazards.

关 键 词：冰碛湖 溃决灾害 研究进展 

分 类 号：P343.6[天文地球—水文科学]