11种木霉菌对葡萄灰霉病菌的拮抗作用  

Antagonism of Eleven Trichoderma Species Against Botrytis Cinerea in Grape

作　　者：康萍芝[1] 张丽荣[1] 沈瑞清[1] 

机构地区：[1]宁夏农林科学院植物保护研究所,银川750002

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2007年第8期392-395,共4页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：宁夏回族自治区自然科学基金项目"宁夏木霉菌多样性及其生防菌研究"部分内容(NZ0643)。

摘　　要：对采自宁夏14个市县的170份土样及其它材料进行分离,得到96株木霉菌株,采用形态分类方法鉴定出9种木霉菌以及2种未知名菌种,它们分别为哈茨木霉(Trichoderma harzianum)、绿色木霉(T.viride)、长枝木霉(T.longibrachiatum)、康氏木霉(T.koningii)、拟康氏木霉(T.pseudokoningii)、顶孢木霉(T.fertile)、黄绿木霉(T.aureoviride)、深绿木霉(T.atroviride)、钩状木霉(T.hamatum)以及T.sp1和T.sp2。竞争及对峙培养结果表明:11种木霉菌种对葡萄灰霉病菌(BotrytiscinereaPers.)均有不同程度的拮抗作用,尤其前四种木霉菌表现出了很强的竞争优势,在对峙培养中对葡萄灰霉菌的拮抗系数为Ⅰ￣Ⅱ,抑菌率达61.8%￣77.6%。在光学显微镜下可观察到木霉菌或缠绕或穿入葡萄灰霉菌菌丝生长,并发生菌丝断裂、消解以及细胞原生质浓缩等现象。Ninety-six strains of Trichoderma were isolated from one hundred seventy samples of soil and other materials collected from fourteen regions in Ningxia. The morphological identification work indicated that they belonged to nine species of Trichoderma and two unidentified Trichoderma species, namely Tric hoderma harzianum 、 T.viride 、 T.longibrachiatum 、 T.koningii, T.pse udokoningii 、 T.fertile , T. aureoviride , T. atroviride,T.hamatum,T.spl and T.sp2. The results of competition and face-to-face-culturing showed that there were different antagonisms between eleven Trichoderma species and Botrytis cinerea,especially, inhibition of Trichoderma harzianum,T.viride ,T.longibrachiatum and T.koningii were more obvious.Their inhibition index and inhibition rates repectively reached Ⅰ-Ⅱ and 61.8%-77.6%.By light microscopy,it was revealed that hyphae of Trichoderma species developed in coiled or penetrated Botrytis cinerea＇s hyphae,and lead to its hyphae breaking or dissolving and cell cytoplasm concentration.

关 键 词：木霉 葡萄灰霉病菌 拮抗作用 

分 类 号：S476[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]