中国小麦地方品种大青芒遗传多样性研究  

Genetic Diversity Analysis of Common Wheat Landrace Daqingmang in Various Growing Areas

作　　者：张玲丽[1,2] 王辉[1] 李立会[3] 李洪杰[3] 李小军[3] 李秀全[3] 杨欣明[3] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院作物科学研究所/国家农作物基因资源与基因改良重大科学工程 [2]西北农林科技大学农学院,杨凌712100 [3]西北农林科技大学农学院

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2007年第8期1579-1586,共8页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家"十五"科技攻关项目(2004BA525B03)

摘　　要：【目的】研究长期种植于中国东北春麦区不同环境的小麦地方品种大青芒的遗传变异。【方法】采用14个形态和农艺性状、种子贮藏蛋白分析以及84对SSR分子标记技术,对不同种植地区的5份大青芒品种的遗传多样性进行了研究。【结果】供试材料间在形态和农艺性状上表现出极大的相似性,但在编码种子醇溶蛋白的Gli-1位点、编码高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基的Glu-B1位点,以及57.1%的SSR引物位点上存在较大的遗传变异。5份供试材料内共检测到异质性SSR引物位点27个,有4份材料(ZM4401,ZM4402,ZM4407和ZM4421)内的个体间在醇溶蛋白或HMW-GS组成上具有异质性。多态性SSR引物位点揭示的遗传差异分布具有基因组、部分同源群和染色体间的不均衡性。【结论】不同来源的大青芒地方品种在14个形态学性状及农艺性状上表现一致,但由于在不同地点多年种植等原因,导致了材料间和材料内在蛋白质和DNA水平上遗传变异的产生,建议对不同来源的同名地方品种在收集、保存、研究和利用时分别处理。[Objective] The objective of the present study was to determine of the genetic diversity of the wheat landrace Daqingmang, which originated from northeastern China. [Method] Fourteen morphological and agronomic traits, seed storage proteins analyses and 84 simple sequence repeat （SSR） markers were used to detect the genetic relationships among five accessions of the landrace Daqingmang that were collected from different sites. [Result] The Daqingmang accessions displayed similar performance in morphological and agronomic traits. However, high levels of variations were detected in compositions of gliadins and high-molecular-weiht glutenin subunits （HMW-GS）, and 57.1% of the total of 84 SSR primers that distribute in different chromosome arms. Moreover, heterogeneity was detected within the accessions of ZM4401, ZM4402, ZM4407 and ZM4421 in gliadin band patterns and HMW-GS. There were 27 SSR loci which also displayed heterogeneity within five Daqingmang accessions Microsatellite analysis also revealed uneven contribution of genetic variations among Daqingmang accessions. [Conclusion] Our research showed that landrace of Daqingmang was a population with wide genetic diversity. Although no phenotypic variation was observed among same name Daqingmang accessions, extensive variations in the gene loci of seed storage proteins and many SSR loci were detected among the five Daqingmang accessions. The results have important significance for effective collection, maintenance and application of same name wheat landraces as genetic resources.

关 键 词：小麦地方品种 形态学性状和农艺性状 种子贮藏蛋白 SSR分子标记 异质性 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]