麦冬草坪群落中杂草的分布及细胞学研究  

A study on occurrence of weeds and cytology in an Ophiopogon japonicus turf community

作　　者：蔡华[1] 夏海武[1] 王荣富[2] 

机构地区：[1]安徽科技学院生命科学学院,安徽凤阳233100 [2]安徽农业大学生命科学学院,安徽合肥230036

出　　处：《草业学报》2007年第4期87-92,共6页Acta Prataculturae Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(30270825);安徽省自然科学基金(050410107);安徽省教育厅自然科学研究项目(2006KJ142C);安徽省高校青年教师科研资助计划项目(2006jql198);安徽科技学院自然科学研究项目(ZRC200692)资助

摘　　要：对麦冬草坪群落中主体植物麦冬草和4种杂草的染色体核型进行了比较研究,同时分析了该草坪中4种杂草的分布与染色体特征之间的关系。结果表明,1)麦冬草染色体数最多,为2n=68,而4种杂草的染色体数明显偏少,依次为狗尾草2n=28、小飞蓬2n=26、葎草2n=16、大巢菜2n=14。麦冬草为同源四倍体植物,染色体基数最大,为x=17。狗尾草虽为四倍体植物,但其染色体基数x=7,其他3种杂草均为二倍体,这一差异可能是麦冬草不易被杂草大面积侵染的原因之一。2)不同杂草对麦冬草坪的入侵能力与染色体数和染色体倍数成正相关关系,二倍体大巢菜(2n=2x=14)的染色体数目最少、倍性最低,其发生情况最轻;四倍体狗尾草(2n=4x=28)染色体数目最多、倍性最高,其发生情况最重。3)核型分析结果表明,麦冬草的最长和最短染色体长度比(L/S)最大,为3.90,其核型类型为2B型,比其他4种杂草的核型类型(均为2A型)进化程度高,这可能也是麦冬草坪中以上几种杂草难以大面积发生的又一原因。A karyotype comparison of Ophiopogon japonicus and four kinds of weeds （Setaria viridis, Conyza canadensis, Hurnulus scandens and Vicia sativa） in turfgrass community is reported together with the relationship between dispersal of the four kinds of weeds and their chromosomes number. The chromosome number of O. japonicus was higher （2n=68） than that of the four kinds of weeds, which were. 2n=28, 2n=26, 2n=16 and 2n=14 for S. viridis, C. canadensis, H. scandens and V. sativa, respectively. O. japonicus is autotetraploid and contains the maximum basic chromosome number （x= 17） of all plants in the turf community. S. viridis is allotetraploid with a basic chromosome number of x=7. The other three weeds are all diploids. The difference of chromosome numbers may be one reason that O. japonicus standa are not easily invaded by weeds. The invasion ability of weeds was proportional to the numbers and ploidy of chromosomes, e.g.V, sativa had the weakest invasion ability of the four kinds of weeds due to its low chromosome number and low chromosome ploidy while the invasion ability of S. viridis had the highest chromosomes number and ploidy and was the strongest invader. Furthermore, The arm ratio （L/S） of O. japonicus is 3.90, which is higher than that of the four kinds of weeds. The karyotype type of O. japonicus is 2B, which is higher in degree of evolution than the four kinds of weeds.

关 键 词：草坪 杂草 麦冬草 染色体核型 

分 类 号：S451[农业科学—植物保护]