吕坤的韵学思想与《交泰韵》的反切特征  

Lü Kun's Phonetic Thoughts and Feature of Fanqie in Jiao Tai Yun

作　　者：周傲生[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江大学汉语史研究中心,浙江杭州310028

出　　处：《西南交通大学学报（社会科学版）》2007年第4期68-71,132,共5页Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University(Social Sciences)

摘　　要：吕坤的韵学思想直接影响到《交泰韵》的反切特征。吕坤主张:(1)以"交泰"为理念来改革反切,反切应反映时音性质;(2)追求反切的便利,"信口便是法门;"(3)认为中原之音最为纯正,应当以《中原雅音》为基础制作反切等等。正是在如上思想的指导下,《交泰韵》的反切呈现出以下特征:(1)切语的改革不彻底,阳声字作切上字有"合声"切法的困难;(2)影、疑、云、以作切下字,理想且便捷,但受字少、字僻等因素的限制,仍有其它声纽的字进入切下字;(3)以清浊为条件产生的阴阳调在平声字中分布比较整齐,在入声字中却相当混乱,在上去声字中无阴阳之分;(4)声介合母,由切上字决定被切字的开合。Lü Kun＇s phonetic thoughts directly influenced Jiao Tai Yun＇s（《交泰韵》） features of fanqie（反切）,a traditional method of indicating the pronunciation of a Chinese character by using two other Chinese characters.Lü argues that（i） the reform of fanqie should be based on the idea of jiaotai（交泰） and fanqie should reflect the nature of real-time sound;（ii） fanqie should be convenient and the key is fluency;and（iii） the sound of Zhongyuan（the central plains） is purest and accordingly fanqie should be made on the basis of Zhongyuan Yayin（《中原雅音》）.Guided by the above-mentioned thoughts,the fanqie of Jiao Tai Yun displays the following features：（i） the reform of fanqie is not complete and the characters with yangsheng（阳声）as the character indicating the consonant have difficulty in heshengqie（合声切）;（ii） ying（影）,yi（疑）,yun（云） and yi（以） as the character indicating the vowel are perfect and convenient,but are limited in number and less used,so other characters are used as the character indicating the vowel;（iii） the tones of yingyang（阴阳） are regular in characters with pingsheng（the first tone of the four tones of ancient Chinese） but not in characters with rusheng（the fourth tone）.There are no yingyang in characters with shangsheng and qusheng（the second and third tone respectively）;and（iv） the method of sheng jie he mu（声介合母） is adopted which makes the character that indicates the consonant decide the openness or closedness of the character whose pronunciation is indicated.

关 键 词：吕坤 明代 《交泰韵》 《中原雅音》 反切特征 声介合母 

分 类 号：H114.9[语言文字—汉语]