五女山城高句丽铁器金相学初步探讨  

A metallographic study of Gaogouli's iron objects excavated from Wunu Mountain city

作　　者：贾莹[1] 李新全[2] 梁志龙 

机构地区：[1]吉林省文物考古研究所,吉林长春130033 [2]辽宁省文物考古研究所,辽宁沈阳110000 [3]本溪市博物馆,辽宁本溪117000

出　　处：《文物保护与考古科学》2007年第3期16-25,共10页Sciences of Conservation and Archaeology

基　　金：国家文物局文物保护科学和技术研究课题资助(课题编号:200246)

摘　　要：辽宁省本溪市桓仁县五女山城是高句丽第一代王朱蒙建都的纥升古城(公元前37年-公元3年)。在这一时期这一地域铁器的质地、加工工艺、手工业发展水平是冶金史学和考古学共同关注的问题,为深入了解高句丽民族铁器的应用及加工状况,本工作采集了出土于五女山城,多数集中放置在V区T504探方出土的一件铁釜内的铁器,进行金相学研究。为此采用金相显微镜、扫描电镜-X射线能谱仪作为检测和分析手段。检测结果表明,这些铁器的材质包括生铁铸造器物,局部灰口铸铁、低碳钢、熟铁,兵器和工具采用含杂质少的铸铁脱碳钢材料,铁钉采用含杂质多的炒钢材料,半成品铁块体现了生铁与熟铁相熔折叠锻打的工艺特征,与文献记载的"灌钢"方法之一的"灌"、"辟"相对应,而另一件环形铁器,内缘表面可观察到若干高碳薄层,与中心区域含碳量相差悬殊,并且观察到有石墨存在,显然也与熔融生铁的表面处理相关。这两件样品表明,至少在五世纪初,该地工匠已经在应用施加熔融生铁于熟铁的工艺。The Wunu Mountain city is capital of Gaogouli （KoguryS） built by Zhu Meng who was the first king （37B. C. - 3A. D. ） in Huanren county, Liaoning province. The nature and technics of ironware and the development level of the handicraft industry during this period and in this area are the common concern of archaeology and metallurgy circle. To find out the application and technics of Gaogouli irons, pieces of ironware excavated from the fourth cultural deposit in Wunu mountain city were analysed by metallographic method and SEM - EDX. The results showed that the materials of iron objects included cast iron, gray cast iron partly, low carbon steel and wrought iron. The weapons and tools were made of steel annealed by cast iron with less impurity while nail was made of puddling iron. Besids, semi finished iron showed the features of mixing by the pig iron mixing with wrought iron by collapsing and forging. It provided the metallographic demonstration for applying of the ‘Guan Gang＇ method melting and pouring pig iron into wrought iron for acieration. The metallographic study of Gaogouli＇ iron artifacts reveals profile of the development level of handicraft industry during the Gaogouli metaphase.

关 键 词：高句丽 熟铁 钢 金相学 

分 类 号：K876.42[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]