New Insights into the Nitrogen Form Effect on Photosynthesis and Photorespiration  

作　　者：GUO Shi-Wei ZHOU Yi GAO Ying-Xu LI Yong SHEN Qi-Rong 

机构地区：[1]College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095 （China）

出　　处：《Pedosphere》2007年第5期601-610,共10页土壤圈（英文版）

基　　金：Project supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (No.2005CB121101);National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.30400279 and 30671233);International Foundation for Science (IFS)(No.C/3799-1)

摘　　要：Under high light conditions, ammonium nutrition has a negative effect on plant growth. This suggests that the adverse effects of ammonium nutrition on plant growth may be related to carbon gain, photosynthesis, and photorespiration. However, there is no consistent evidence of a specific mechanism that could explain the plant growth reduction under ammonium supply. It is generally accepted that during the light reaction, a surplus of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide hydrogen phosphate （NADPH） is produced, which is not completely used during the assimilation of CO2, Nitrate reduc- tion in the leaf represents an additional sink for NADPH that is not available to ammonium-grown plants. Nitrate and ammonium nutrition may use different pathways for NADPH consumption, which leads to differences in photosynthesis and photorespiration. The morphological （i.e., cell size, mesophyll thickness, and chloroplast volume） and enzymic （i.e., ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase （Rubisco）, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase （PEPCase）, and glutamine synthetase/glutamate synthetase （GS/GOGAT）） differences that develop when plants are treated with either nitrate or ammonium nitrogen forms are related to photosynthesis and photorespiration. The differences in photorespiration rate for plants treated with nitrate or ammonium are related to the conversion of citrate to 2-oxoglutarate （2-OG） and photorespiratory CO2 refixation.在高轻的条件下面，铵营养在植物生长上有否定效果。这建议植物生长上的铵营养的不利效果可能与碳获得，光合作用，和相片呼吸有关。然而，没有能在铵供应下面解释植物生长减小的特定的机制的一致证据。在轻反应期间，菸碱腺嘌 dinucleotide 氢磷酸盐(NADPH ) 的剩余被生产，这通常被接受，它完全没在 CO2 的吸收期间被使用。在叶的硝酸盐减小为不对铵成年的植物可得到的 NADPH 代表一个另外的水池。硝酸盐和铵营养可以为 NADPH 消费使用不同小径，它在光合作用和相片呼吸导致差别。词法(即，房间尺寸，叶肉厚度，和叶绿体体积)并且在酶(即， ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase ( Rubisco )，磷酸烯醇丙酮酸羧激酶( PEPCase )，并且夫酸安 synthetase/glutamate 合成酶( GS/GOGAT ))当植物与硝酸盐或铵氮形成的任何一个被对待时，发展的差别与光合作用和相片呼吸有关。处于为与硝酸盐或铵对待的植物的相片呼吸率的差别与到 2-oxoglutarate (2-OG ) 和相片 respiratory CO2 再设立的柠檬酸盐的变换有关。

关 键 词：AMMONIUM NITRATE nitrogen form PHOTORESPIRATION PHOTOSYNTHESIS 

分 类 号：Q945.1[生物学—植物学]