细菌芽孢形成机制在微生态制剂生产中的应用  

Application of the Mechanism of Sporulation in Production of Pharmaceutical Probiotics

作　　者：徐世荣[1] 陈骧[1] 吴云鹏[1] 

机构地区：[1]重庆大学生物工程学院,重庆400044

出　　处：《食品与生物技术学报》2007年第4期121-126,共6页Journal of Food Science and Biotechnology

摘　　要：益生菌的生存能力和稳定性是生产者在技术和市场方面临的两大挑战。由于芽孢对多种不利环境有极大的抗性而成为近年来益生菌剂中一个研究热点。芽孢的抗性与多种因素有关,并通过芽孢这种独特结构来实现。Spo0A和σ是芽孢形成过程中基因表达的关键调节因子。杆菌和梭菌在芽孢形成中的主要差别是梭菌形成感受态细胞和淀粉粒的积累。为了得到最高的菌体浓度和芽孢形成率,需要优化培养条件。其中,遗传性、接种量、培养温度、pH值、无机盐、淀粉、菌体浓度、营养因子的限量添加都与芽孢的形成有重要关系。Pharmaceutical probiotics may be given as either a single or a mixture of living microorganisms used therapeutically to prevent diarrhea, improve lactose tolerance and modulate immunity. They may also have potential to prevent cancer and lower serum cholesterol levels. The viability and stability of probiotics were the a marketing and technological challenge for commercial production. Pharmaceutical probiotics should contain specific probiotic strains and maintain a certain amount of viable cells during the product＇s shelf life. Many organisms of probiotics have the ability to form spores, bacterial endospores are the most resistant living structures. Their high degree of resistance to many treatments is due to many factors and is governed by the unique spore structure. In the whole process of sporulation, Spo0A and σ factors are key regulators to the pattern of gene expression. Major differences between bacilli and clostridia are existed in the fact of formation of clostridial stage cells and granulose accumulation in clostridia . To get the highest cell concentration and spore forming rate, the culture conditions, such as inoculum size, temperature, pH value, inorganic salt, amylum, cell concentration, nutrient limitation were must optimized.

关 键 词：益生菌 芽孢 芽孢的结构 芽孢形成机制 芽孢形成率 培养条件 

分 类 号：Q939.9[生物学—微生物学]