脱乙酰壳多糖对桃软腐、褐腐病菌的抑制和采后软腐病的防治研究  

Antifungal activity of chitosan on Rhizopus stolonifer and Monilinia fructicola and its control effect on soft rot of peach fruits

作　　者：李红叶[1,2] 黎军英[1,2] 曹若彬[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]浙江农业大学植物保护系 [2]浙江农业大学中心实验室

出　　处：《浙江农业学报》1997年第2期87-92,共6页Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis

基　　金：瑞典国际科学基金

摘　　要：近成熟的桃果实预先以软腐病菌（Ｒｈｉｚｏｐｕｓｓｔｏｌｉｎｉｆｅｒ）孢子悬浮液接种，再以５、１０ｍｇ／ｍｌ脱乙酰壳多糖处理后，室温下贮藏４～８天，４℃下贮藏３０天，防治效果明显，４或８天后的防效与０５ｍｇ／ｍｌ的杀菌剂施宝克相当。室内离体培养发现脱乙酰壳多糖对桃软腐病菌（Ｒｓｔｏｌｏｎｉｆｅｒ）和桃褐腐病菌（Ｍｏｎｉｌｉｎｉａｆｒｕｃｔｉｃｏｌａ）的菌丝生长、孢子形成有明显的抑制效果。试验还发现高于２ｍｇ／ｍｌ的脱乙酰壳多糖能诱导这两种病菌的形态学变化，表现为菌丝过度分枝、肿胀，菌体细胞变短，分隔增多；Ｒｓｔｏｌｏｎｉｆｅｒ畸形的菌丝还产生质壁分离等现象。两者比较Ｒｓｔｏｌｏｎｉｆｅｒ形态变化比Ｍｆｒｕｃｔｉｃｏｌａ显著。Control effect of chitosan coating on soft rot of peach fruits held at room temperature and 4℃ was investigated Peach fruits were inoculated with spore suspensions of R stolonifer and subsequently coated with chitosan solution (5 mg/ml or 10 mg/ml) After 4-8 days or 30 days of storage at room temperature or 4℃ respectively, decay caused by R stolonifer was reduced by chitosan coating The control effect was analogous to the fungicide prochloraz (05 mg/ml) after 4 or 8 days In vitro, chitosan was effective in inhibiting radial growth and sporogensis of R stolonifer and M fructicola Furthermore, chitosan at concentration greater than 2 mg/ml induced morphological changes, such as excessive branching, hyphal swelling, shortening of hyphal segments in both above two pathogens and the swollen hyphal cell of R stolonifer showed plasmlysis sign The morphological alterations observed appeared more pronounced in R stolonifer than in M fructicola, but the opposite results were observed in fungistic test

关 键 词：脱乙酰壳多糖 桃软腐病 桃褐腐病 

分 类 号：S436.621.1[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]