基于多普勒天气雷达观测的湖南超级单体风暴特征  

Characteristics of Supercell Storms in Hunan Detected by Doppler Weather Radars

作　　者：廖玉芳 俞小鼎[2] 唐小新 朱金菊 

机构地区：[1]湖南省气象局,湖南长沙410007 [2]中国气象局培训中心,北京100081 [3]永州市气象局,湖南永州425000 [4]张家界市气象局,湖南张家界416600

出　　处：《南京气象学院学报》2007年第4期433-443,共11页Journal of Nanjing Institute of Meteorology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(40575014)

摘　　要：运用三部S波段多普勒天气雷达资料对湖南10次强对流事件中的22个超级单体进行详细分析,结果表明:湖南超级单体有的是孤立风暴发展而成,有的是多单体风暴发展而成,有的是中尺度对流系统内的风暴发展而成;超级单体中包含有低顶超级单体和微型超级单体;超级单体维持时间多数超过1 h,最短时间为24 m in;超级单体风暴过程最大反射率因子强度均超过63 dBZ,54.5%的超级单体风暴最大反射率因子强度在70 dBZ以上;超级单体风暴中气旋最大旋转速度为24 m.s-1,最大垂直涡度为5.3×10-2s-1;超级单体低层强度回波特征主要表现为钩状回波、入流缺口、风暴主体向着低层入流方向伸出的一个突出物,垂直结构特征表现为有界弱回波或弱回波区;超级单体产生的主要强对流天气有冰雹、大风、龙卷及暴雨,其中产生冰雹、大风的几率最大。对发展成为超级单体的风暴主要生成时间及源地、风暴的多发性和重复性以及环境风与超级单体不同阶段移向移速的关系的探讨,对超级单体的预报有极好的指示作用。　Using the observation data from three S-band Doppler weather radars in Hunan,22 supercells in 10 severe convective storms have been analyzed.The results show that the supercellls might evolve from isolated storms,multicell storms,or storms in mesoscale convective weather systems;supercells contained low-topped supercells and mini-supercells;most supercells＇ duration was more than one hour,and the shortest 24 minutes;the maximum base reflectivity factors of supercell storms were all over 63 dBZ and 54.5 % of them above 70 dBZ;the maximum rotational velocity of mesocyclones in supercell storms was 24 m· s^-1 and the largest vertical vorticity of those 5.3×10^-2 s^-1;the major characteristics of low-level echoes of supercells were the hook echo,inflow gap,outshoot of storm＇s main body that protrudes toward the low-level inflow,and vertical structural characteristics of WER or BWER;the severe convective weathers that supercells mainly produced were large hail,strong wind,tornadoes and rainstorms.Among them,hail and strong winds were mostly likely.This note has discussed where and when could the supercells possibly genesis？what could be the frequentness and repetitiveness of the supercells？and why could the relationship between environmental shear and the movement of supercells differ in different developing stages？All those aid supercell forecast.

关 键 词：超级单体 多普勒天气雷达 特征 湖南 

分 类 号：P412.25[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]