乳山湾滩涂贝类养殖容量的估算  

Estimation of carrying capacity for shellfish in Rushan Bay

作　　者：尹晖[1] 孙耀[1] 徐林梅[1] 陈碧娟[1] 姜守轩[2] 孟伟[2] 宋建中[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学院黄海水产研究所 [2]乳山市海洋与渔业局,山东威海264500

出　　处：《水产学报》2007年第5期669-674,共6页Journal of Fisheries of China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(30271021);中国水产科学研究院科研重点基金项目(2003-1-3)

摘　　要：通过计算单位面积的浮游植物和底栖微藻生产的有机碳供应量、单位面积浮游动物和其它底栖生物的生物量及其对有机碳的需求量，首次对乳山湾滩涂贝类（以菲律宾蛤仔为代表，后文简称蛤仔）在不同养殖季节的养殖容量进行了估算。结果显示，不同体长范围内的蛤仔养殖容量均表现为10月份最大，6月份次之，8月份最小。壳长在1．5～2．5cm范围内的蛤仔的平均养殖容量为2692 ind·m^-2，目前乳山湾蛤仔实际养殖密度为1080 ind·m^-2，该体长范围内的蛤仔养殖密度尚有较大发展余地；壳长在2．5～3．5cm范围内的蛤仔的平均养殖容量为1157 ind·m^-2，该体长范围内的蛤仔养殖密度基本接近其实际养殖密度；壳长大于3．5cm的蛤仔平均养殖容量为697 ind·m^-2，该体长范围内的蛤仔养殖密度已超过其最佳养殖密度。Ruditapes philippinarura, which is naturally distributed along the coast of the Pacific and India Oceans, is one of the most popular shellfish cultured in China and many parts of the world. China is the world＇ s largest producer of Ruditapes philippinarura. Some inappropriate ways of aquaculture, however, have resulted in the worsening of environment, which would restrict and endanger the development of aquaculture. The study of carrying capacity may resolve the problem of ecosystem by overstocking, so the study on carrying capacity of cultured tidal shellfish is very necessary. The carrying capacity for shellfish Ruditapes philippinarum that cultured in the Rushan Bay was estimated by calculating the demand for and the supply of organic carbon produced by primary production. Ingestion rate of filter-ingestion animals and other field data were used for model validation. The results showed that the highest carrying capacity of the bay for the Ruditapes philippinarum occurred in October and the lowest in August in tidal cultured areas among different shell length. The average carrying capacity of the bay for the Ruditapes philippinarum with the shell length of 1.5 -2.5 cm was 2 692 ind·m^-2 and still in suitable opportunity, the shell length of 2.5 -3.5 cm was 1 157 ind·m^-2 and near the actual culture density, and the shell length above 3.5 cm was 697 ind·m^-2 and over the best culture density.

关 键 词：贝类 初级生产力 养殖容量 滩涂养殖 乳山湾 

分 类 号：S968.3[农业科学—水产养殖]