蛋白质晶体学技术的发展与展望  

PROTEIN CRYSTALLOGRAPHY TECHNOLOGY—— PAST,PRESENT AND FUTURE

作　　者：李兰芬[1] 南洁[1] 苏晓东[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学生命科学学院,北京100871

出　　处：《生物物理学报》2007年第4期246-255,共10页Acta Biophysica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30530190);国家杰出青年基金项目(30325012)~~

摘　　要：从50年前英国科学家解析出第一个蛋白质晶体结构以来,蛋白质晶体学历经数个里程碑式的发展,已经成为一门成熟的高科技学科,是结构生物学的主要研究手段。近年来结构生物学发展迅速并和其他学科相互渗透交叉,特别是受到结构基因组学等热点学科的极大带动。作为结构生物学的基本手段和技术,蛋白质晶体学从解析简单的蛋白质三维结构延伸到解决各类生物大分子及复合物结构,并更加注重研究结构与功能之间的相互关系,派生出诸如基于结构的药物设计等应用性很强的分支。生物技术及计算机技术的飞速发展,尤其是高通量技术在生物学领域的应用,为蛋白质晶体学带来了全新的概念和更加广阔的前景。文章将主要介绍蛋白质晶体学技术的一些历史发展以及对未来的展望。It has taken more than 30 years for the development of methods and technology to enable the determination of the first protein structure in 1950s. Now, 50 years has past since the first protein crystal structure determination, protein crystallography has made such tremendous progress that over 35000 protein crystal structures have been obtained and deposited, and many complex mechanisms of large macromolecular machineries could be explained at atomic details. Structural data have been successfully applied to the studies of protein functions of many important biological processes, as well as to the studies of protein folding and design, structure-based drug design and many related fields. Meanwhile, the sequencing of hundreds of genomes of different species has provided much more targets for structural biology, and the so-called structural genomics appeared, aiming to determine all protein structures encoded by these genomes. The achievements of protein crystallography have always been accompanied by the breakthroughs in the fields of X-ray sources, sensitive detectors, fast computers and application programs, and in particular owing to the invention and applications of recombinant DNA technologies. We can thus expect that the further developments of novel methods, bioinformatics tools, particularly the technologies related to the automation and high-throughput will be the key points for the large-scale, high efficiency of protein crystallography. In this paper, the authors have reviewed the history of protein crystallography from the aspects of methods and technology, discussed the current status and future trends of protein crystallography.

关 键 词：X射线晶体学 蛋白质三维结构 结构基因组学 高通量技术 同步辐射技术 

分 类 号：Q6-33[生物学—生物物理学]