论拉尔夫·埃利森对神话仪式中黑白二元对立的解构——兼论拉尔夫·埃利森文学话语中的祖先在场  

Ralph Ellison’s Deconstruction of Black/White Binary Opposition

作　　者：谭惠娟[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江大学外语学院

出　　处：《外国文学研究》2007年第4期87-96,共10页Foreign Literature Studies

基　　金：浙江省哲学社会科学规划项目"文化研究视野下的拉尔夫.埃利森文学研究"(项目编号:506000-S20501)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：美国黑人作家拉尔夫·埃利森《无形人》的中心隐喻"无形性",是作者对美国黑人文化及其价值观长期思考的结果,这一隐喻标志着美国黑人文学创作由自然主义抗议小说,朝注重艺术美学的现代小说转向。这一转向着重表现在作者对欧洲黑白二元对立神话和美国南方社会仪式的解构以及作者创作中祖先在场的文学叙述手法的运用。拉尔夫·埃利森对神话和仪式的重新发现和阐释,是作者的文化思想在文学创作中的集中体现之一,也是对20世纪30年代盛行从社会科学的角度研究黑人问题的有力反拨;而祖先在场的文学叙述手法则有助于美国种族主义者重新审视自己的身份和美国文化,有助于破解"无形性"被曲解的含义和真正的内涵。拉尔夫·埃利森对美国文化的认识和解剖,与罗兰·巴特的文化思想和德里达的解构思想相似,这更体现了埃利森文化研究思想和文学叙述手法的独创性与超前性。In this paper, traits of post-modernism and cultural studies in Ralph Ellison＇ s texts are discussed at length with Jacques Derrida＇ s “White Myth” and Roland Barthes＇ “Demystifica- tion” in order to touch upon two core ideas ： One is Ralph Ellison＇ s anatomy of black/white binary opposition in Western myth and rites, and the other is ancestral presence in Ellison＇ s writing, so as to bring to light his literary originality and foreknowledge. Invisibility, as a central metaphor in Invisible Man, is a stimulation Ellison got from his deep brooding of Negro culture and its value, and also marks a shift from Richard Wright＇ s naturalistic protest fiction to modern aesthetic novels and to post-modern novels with subversive features. The new direction is signified by Ellison＇ s deconstruction of binary opposition in Europe and social rituals in Deep South of America. Ralph Ellison＇ s continuing belief in American amalgamation when “ethnic integrity” overshadowed the “melting pot” as a cultural touchstone, and his rediscovery and reinterpretation of myth and ritual significantly represent his cultural vision in his literary writing, and also a persuasive rectification from the prevailing writing in sociological perspective, while ancestral presence in his writing conduces to the American racists＇ reexamining American identity and American culture, which helps to decode the genuine significance of the twisted meaning of “invisibility”.

关 键 词：拉尔夫·埃利森 神话 仪式 黑白二元对立 解构 

分 类 号：I712[文学—其他各国文学]