公路隧道进出口行车安全的视觉适应指标  

Visual Adaptation Index for Driving Safety at Entrance and Exit of Highway Tunnel

作　　者：杜志刚[1] 潘晓东[1] 郭雪斌[2] 

机构地区：[1]同济大学道路与交通工程教育部重点试验室,上海200092 [2]杭州市城市规划编制中心,浙江杭州310027

出　　处：《华南理工大学学报（自然科学版）》2007年第7期15-19,共5页Journal of South China University of Technology(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：西部交通建设科技基金资助项目(20043182233307)

摘　　要：公路隧道进出口亮度的急剧变化会造成驾驶员视觉适应困难,严重时甚至导致交通事故.文中利用EMR-8B眼动仪系统,对公路隧道进出口驾驶员的瞳孔变化进行了试验研究,试验结果表明,在隧道内距进出口50m范围,驾驶员视网膜照度的对数与路面亮度的对数线性正相关.在大量试验的基础上,文中建立了基于驾驶员瞳孔面积及面积变化速度的行车安全评价指标——当瞳孔面积变化速度超过瞳孔面积临界速度范围,且持续时间大于0.2 s时,行车不安全,否则安全;并得出了基于视觉适应的隧道进出口合理照度过渡斜率.The sharp variation of luminance at the entrance and exit of highway tunnel will cause the difficulty in visual adaptation of the driver, and even lead to traffic accidents. In order to solve this problem, by using the EMR-8B eye tracker system, the pupillary change of the driver at the entrance and exit of highway tunnel is experi- mentally investigated. Experiment results indicate that, within the range of 50 m away from the entrance and the exit, the logarithmic illuminance of the retinal is positively linear to the logarithmic luminance of the road. Moreover, an index to evaluate the driving safety is presented based on the pupil area and its variation velocity, that is, when the variation velocity of pupil area transcends the critical velocity with a duration time of more than 0. 2 s, the driving is unsafe, otherwise, the driving is safe. The paper also elicits a visual adaptation-based transition slope of rational illuminance in the end.

关 键 词：公路隧道 进口 出口 视觉适应 瞳孔面积 安全指标 

分 类 号：U412.34[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程]