新疆西南天山金矿床主要类型、特征及成矿作用  

Major types,characteristics and metallogeneses of gold deposits in southwest Tianshan Mountains,Xinjiang

作　　者：杨富全[1] 毛景文[1] 王义天[1] 赵财胜[2] 张岩[3] 刘亚玲[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国地质科学院矿产资源研究所,北京100037 [2]中国地质调查局发展研究中心,北京100037 [3]宁夏国土资源厅信息中心,宁夏银川750002

出　　处：《矿床地质》2007年第4期361-379,共19页Mineral Deposits

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(编号2007CB411302;2001CB409807);国土资源大调查项目(1212010561506)和;国家自然科学基金项目(编号40672065)的资助

摘　　要：文章在总结前人研究成果的基础上,综合论述了西南天山金矿的成矿地质背景、金矿床的时空分布和基本特征。根据矿床地质特征和控矿因素,将西南天山的金矿划分为与剪切带有关的金矿床、与侵入岩有关的金矿床(包括斑岩型)、石英-重晶石脉型金矿床、与火山岩有关的金矿床和矽卡岩型金矿床5类,其中与剪切带有关的金矿床是最重要的矿床类型。探讨了西南天山金矿的成矿时代、成矿物质和成矿流体来源,以及成矿地球动力学机制。提出与剪切带有关的金矿床成矿物质主要来源于岩浆和海相碳酸盐岩,成矿流体主要来源于岩浆水或主要来自大气降水,混合少量岩浆水。石英-重晶石脉型金矿床成矿物质来自容矿地层,成矿流体主要来源于沉积建造水。与剪切带有关的金矿、与侵入岩有关的金矿、石英重晶石脉型金矿和矽卡岩型金矿成矿时代主要集中在二叠纪—三叠纪,形成于后碰撞构造演化阶段。斑岩型和浅成低温热液型金矿床形成于岛弧挤压环境。The metallogenic setting, time-space distribution and basic characteristics of gold deposits in southwest Tianshan Mountains are described briefly in this paper. According to geological characteristics and ore-controlling factors, the gold deposits in southwest Tianshan Mountains can be classified into five principal types, namely, （1） shear zone-related gold deposits, （2） intrusion-related gold deposits, including porphyry deposits, （3） quartz-barite vein-type gold deposits, （4） volcanics-related gold deposits, and （5） skarn-type gold deposits. Among them, the shear zone-related gold deposits constitute the main type of gold deposits in this region. The shear zone-related gold deposits occur in Late Silurian, Early Devonian and Carboniferous carbonaceous clastic rocks and pyroclastic rocks, with the ore-hosting rocks assuming characteristics of turbidites. Gold mineralized zones are controlled by shear zones and gold ore bodies are governed by dilational fracture zones within these shear zones. Gold mineralization is related to the deformation caused by ductile shearing and magmatic activity.The intrusion-related gold deposits occur in internal contact zones, exo-contact zones and fractured zones in the nearby pluton. These plutons are mainly granodiorite, granite and quartz porphyry, with minor alkali feldspar granite and mafic dykes. Gold mineralization can be divided into quartz vein type, porphyry type and altered rock type. The quartz-barite vein-type gold deposits occur in Upper Devonian fine-grained clastic rocks. Gold mineralization is controlled by a series of gently tilted fractured zones. The volcanics-related gold deposits are re- lated to Silurian and Carboniferous volcanic hydrothermal activity, with most deposits commonly associated with Cu deposits. The skarn gold deposits occur in the garnet-diopside skarn in the exo-contact zones of the pluton and are commonly associated with Cu, Sn and Fe polymetallic deposits. The ore-forming materials of the shear zone-related gold dep

关 键 词：地质学 金矿床 成矿作用 地球动力学背景 西南天山 新疆 综述 

分 类 号：P618.51[天文地球—矿床学]