游泳训练对儿童最大有氧活动能力的影响  

THE EFFECTS OF SWIM DRILL ON MAXIMAL AEROBIC POWER OF CHILDREN

作　　者：关明杰[1,2,3] 林琬生[1,2,3] 张玉青 关英华[1,2,3] 邵立新 肖建文[1,2,3] 

机构地区：[1]包头医学院预防医学系儿少卫生教研室 [2]北京医科大学儿童青少年卫生研究所 [3]北京体育师范学院

出　　处：《人类学学报》1997年第1期22-30,共9页Acta Anthropologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金

摘　　要：本文利用步行机对９１名８—１１岁男女儿童进行最大有氧活动能力的测试。其中训练组４２人（男２０人，女２２人）选自北京市海淀区业余体校游泳队的儿童，对照组４９人（男２４人，女２５人）选自与训练组儿童条件相近的普通学校学生。观察９个月的游泳训练对儿童有氧活动能力的影响。研究结果表明，训练组儿童的身高、体重、瘦体重和肺活量在观察前及观察后的两次测试中均高于对照组。观察期间形态指标的增长值在两组间大都无明显差别，表明两组儿童具有相似的生长发育速度；训练组肺活量的增长值大于对照组（男童更为明显），表明训练对儿童的肺功能有一定的促进作用。极量运动状态下的最大吸氧量绝对值及各相对值均表现为在观察前及观察后的两次测试中训练组明显高于对照组。观察期间各指标的增长值在两组间多无明显差别，仅男童训练组的最大耐受时间及最大氧脉搏的增长值明显大于对照组，表明９个月的游泳训练可改善青春期前男童的心肺功能。To evaluate the effects of 9 months swim drill on maximal aerobic capacity of children, 91 boys and girls aged 8 to 11 years were tested by using a treadmill running test Fourty two swimmers (20 boys, 22 girls ) were selected from the swim team of Haidian amateurish sports school in Beijing (the trained group ) and 49 untrained ones (24 boys, 25 girls ) with the normal physical activity level for their ages from common school (the control group) The result demonstrated that the trained children increased more in body height, weight, lean body mass and vital capacity than those in the control group before and after observation Most increase rates of morphological indicators did not emerge significant differences between two groups during the period of observation It showed that both the trained and control group had the same velocity of growth The trained group had greater vital capacity than control one (especially for boys),it meant that the swim drill would increase respiratory function of children The trained group had obviously higher VO 2max in absolute value and in several relative values than the control group There were no significant differences in the increments of most indicators between the trained and control group during the period of observation But the increments of maximal endurance time and VO 2max/HRmax were significantly higher in trained group than in control group of boys It showed that the swim drill might improve cardiac and respiratory function of preadolescent boys, but there were no significant effects for girls

关 键 词：游泳训练 最大吸氧量 儿童少年卫生 

分 类 号：R179[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健] G861.101.4[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]