绿洲灌区留茬覆盖免耕储水灌溉在休闲期的节水效应  

Effect of no-till with stubble mulch on water saving under storage irrigation during fallow in the Hexi oasis

作　　者：张金霞[1] 施坰林[1] 刘成元 

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学工学院,甘肃兰州730070 [2]甘肃省人事厅,甘肃兰州730000

出　　处：《甘肃农业大学学报》2007年第1期114-118,共5页Journal of Gansu Agricultural University

基　　金：国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划)资助项目(2002AA2Z4191);甘肃省省长基金项目(RS015-A41-006)

摘　　要：在河西绿洲灌区进行了休闲期秸秆覆盖免耕储水灌溉的节水效应试验研究.结果表明,在休闲期,NTS(覆盖免耕)可以有效地提高土壤的雨水蓄集和减少土壤的蒸发,具有明显的保墒作用;日均蒸发量和蒸发率随着储水定额的增大而增大.NTS的蒸发率比CTS(秸秆还田)和CTB(常规耕作)分别减小22.58%和40.86%,其日均蒸发量比CTS和CTB分别减少38.53%和51.45%(P<0.01);储水定额750 m3/hm2的蒸发率比1 200、1 6502、100 m3/hm2储水定额分别减小了14.11%2、6.12%和41.13%;储水定额为750 m3/hm2的日均蒸发量比1 200 m3/hm21、650 m3/hm2和2 100 m3/hm2分别减少了32.83%、49.76%和65.04%(P<0.01);且储水定额为750 m3/hm2的条件下NTS的日均蒸发量比CTS和CTB的分别减少了71.43%和77.78%.所以,在NTS条件下适宜的储水定额为750 m3/hm2.The effect of no-till with stubble mulch （NTS） on water saving under storage irrigation during fallow was studied at Zhangye,in the Hexi Oasis,Gansu Province. The results showed that NTS effectively increased precipitation conservation and reduced soil moisture evaporation during fallow. The evaporation rate and the daily evaporation were increased with the increase of storage irrigation norm. The results also showed that the storage irrigation norm could be reduced to 750 m^3/hm^2 with NTS compared with conventional storage irrigation. The evaporation rate of NTS was 22.58% and 40.86 % lower than that of conventional tillage with.straw incorporated （CTS） and conventional tillage with bare ground （CTB） ,respectively;but the daily mean evaporation of NTS was 38.53 % and 51.45 %（P〈0.01） lower than that of CTS and CTB, respectively. The evaporation rate at the storage irrigation norm of 750 m^3/hm^2 was 14.11%,26.12 % and 41.13 % lower that that of 1 200 m^3/hm^2 ,1 650 m^3/hm^2 and 2 100 ma/hm^2 ,respectively;the daily evaporation of the storage irrigation norm of 750 m^3/hm^2 was 32.83 % ,49.76% and 65.04 % lower than that of 1 200 m^3/hm^2 ,1 650 m^3/hm^2 and 2 100 m^3/hm^2 ,respectively （P〈0.01）. The daily evaporation of NTS under the 750 m^3/hm^2 was 71.43 % and 77.78 %（P〈0. 01） lower than that of CTS and CTB,respectively.

关 键 词：留茬覆盖免耕 储水灌溉 休闲期 节水效应 绿洲 

分 类 号：S275[农业科学—农业水土工程] S341[农业科学—农业工程]