不同温型小麦灌浆结实期农田热量平衡及其气象效应  

Study on the heat balance and the meteorological effect during milk-filling and burliness stage of the different type wheat

作　　者：严菊芳[1] 张嵩午[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学理学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《西北农林科技大学学报（自然科学版）》2007年第9期49-52,57,共5页Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30470333)

摘　　要：为了揭示冷型小麦田间小气候环境形成机理及为优良品种的培育提供理论基础,在晴天测定灌浆结实期冷型小麦“陕229”和暖型小麦“NR9405”的农田热量平衡、农田土壤温度、叶片蒸腾速率和株间气温,研究不同温型小麦灌浆结实期的农田热量平衡及气象效应。结果表明,灌浆结实期冷型小麦“陕229”的农田净辐射与暖型小麦“NR9405”差异不显著,农田潜热通量、湍流热通量和土壤热通量差异均显著;与暖型小麦“NR9405”相比,冷型小麦“陕229”0~20 cm土层土壤温度和株间气温均较低,叶片蒸腾速率高0.0013~0.0041 mol./（m2.s）。说明旺盛的蒸腾作用和较低的土壤热通量是形成冷型小麦田间冷湿环境的主要原因,而较低的株间气温和土壤温度使冷型小麦绿叶期延长、根系活力旺盛,从而有效地延缓了后期早衰,提高了其千粒重。The studies on the heat balance,the farmland soil temperature of different type wheat ＂Shaan 229＂ and ＂NR9405＂ temperature, transpiration rate and the air in row were carried out in order to deter mine the cold wheat field microclimate environment to form the mechanism and provide the rationale for the improved seed cultivation. The results showed that,the net radiation of ＂Shaan 229＂ during milk-filling and burliness stage had little change,while latent heat flux,the turbulent heat flux and soil heat flux had marked change compared with ＂NR9405＂. The meteorological effect showed that the temperature in soil 0--20 cm was lower; the transpiration rate was 0.0013-0.0041 mol/（m^2· s） higher; the average canopy temperature was 0.8-1.3℃ lower. The difference of the farm land heat distribution conditions between two temperature type wheat was caused by exuberant transpiration and the lower turbulent heat flux. The lower temperature in plant and in the soil led to the green leaves duration longer,and the root system vigor exuberant,therefore effectively delayed the later period senescence and improved the weight of a thousand seeds.

关 键 词：冷型小麦 暖型小麦 农田 热量平衡 气象效应 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]