电子束辐照唐菖蒲球茎对M1代花粉的影响初探  

The change of pollen traits in gladiolus irradiated by electron beam

作　　者：张志伟[1] 王丹[1] 张冬雪[1] 袁向辉[2] 

机构地区：[1]西南科技大学生命科学与工程学院,绵阳621000 [2]西北大学生命科学学院,西安710069

出　　处：《辐射研究与辐射工艺学报》2007年第4期201-205,共5页Journal of Radiation Research and Radiation Processing

基　　金：中国工程物理研究院军民两用开发技术项目(200305)资助

摘　　要：为了探讨电子束对唐菖蒲诱变育种的可行性和不同剂量的电子束对花粉性状的影响,用能量为3MeV的不同剂量电子束辐照唐菖蒲"超级"球茎,对其M1代的花粉进行了研究。花粉活力的检测表明电子束辐照处理后的M1代花粉活力比对照略有下降,但小剂量辐照对花粉活力的影响并不明显,随着剂量的增加,辐照对花粉活力的抑制作用逐渐达到显著水平;扫描电镜观察发现,随着辐照剂量的增大,M1代花粉的孢粉学特征与对照差异逐渐明显,并且出现了多种变异形式;通过对M1代花粉酯酶同工酶的分析。结果表明,酯酶同工酶与对照相比发生了明显的变化,其中剂量在120Gy以下的酶带与对照相同,但酶活性较对照变弱,剂量为160Gy和200Gy时出现了一条新的酶带并且有两条酶带消失,剂量为240Gy时酶谱出现了一条特异酶带同时有一条酶带消失,并且剂量大于160Gy的酶活性与对照以及其他剂量相比也略有不同。由此表明,电子束辐照对植株能产生明显的影响,通过对花粉的一系列分析,能够较好地反映辐照对植株的诱变情况。In order to investigate the feasibility of electron beam induced mutation on Gladiolus and the effects of electron beam with different doses on pollen traits, M1 generation pollen traits were studied by use of 3MeV electron beams with seven doses of 0Gy, 40Gy, 80Gy, 120Gy, 160Gy, 200Gy, 240Gy. It has been shown that the sterile pollen rate of M1 generation is higher than that of control At low dose there had no obvious effects on the viability and germination rate of M1 generation pollen. With the increase of irradiation dose, the viability and germination rate of pollen was decreaced and the difference had statistical significance （P〈0.05）. Comparing （SEM） photograph of the pollen shapes of M1 generation with control, within a certain doses level, mutagenic effects on pollen increased with the dose increasing in the angle of polynology. Variations of mutagenic effect extent were found at the different irradiation dosage. The EST isozymes expression of M1 generation pollen was obviously changed by electron beam irradiation confirmed by use of PAGE electrophoresis. EST patterns of pollen of Gladiolus irradiated at the dose no more than 120Gy were similar to CK, but there were some differences in the vigor of isozymes. The EST bands added or absent had been observed at the dose more than 160Gy compared to CK. There were a special EST band more and 2 EST bands less in plants treated by both 160Gy and 200Gy electron beam irradiation, and a special EST band more and 1 EST bands less in plants treated by 240Gy electron beam irradiation. The vigor of isozymes of plants treated at the dose more than 160Gy showed some respective differences compared to the other treated and CK＇s. These results revealed that electron beam irradiation is an effective way for Gladiolus breeding.

关 键 词：电子束 唐菖蒲 花粉活力 扫描电镜 花粉形态 酯酶同工酶 

分 类 号：S603.6[农业科学—园艺学] S630.1