改良剂对中国两种典型土壤铜锌有效性的影响及机理  

Effects of amendments on availability of Cu and Zn in two types of soils in China

作　　者：王宝奇[1] 李淑芹[1] 徐明岗[2] 

机构地区：[1]东北农业大学资源与环境学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150030 [2]中国农业科学院土壤肥料研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《生态环境》2007年第4期1139-1143,共5页Ecology and Environmnet

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展规划项目(2002CB410809)

摘　　要：研究了改良剂对土壤铜锌有效性的影响,以期对重金属复合污染土壤的修复有一定的指导意义。在红壤与黄泥土中施用石灰、重钙和沸石,观测土壤有效态铜锌含量及pH,并测定了不同pH值下土壤有效态铜锌含量,以阐明改良剂影响土壤重金属有效性的机理。向供试土壤中外源加入一定量的铜锌溶液,制成铜、锌污染土壤,稳定平衡30d,采用CaCl2浸提法测定土壤有效态铜锌的含量。结果表明,施用改良剂能显著降低土壤铜锌的有效性,其中石灰的效果最佳,沸石次之,重钙最差。两种土壤中,复合污染下铜锌有效态含量均高于单一污染,其中铜单一污染有效态含量与复合污染差异显著(P<0.05),而锌单一污染与复合污染差异不显著(P>0.05)。可能是因为锌比铜竞争力更强,更易于被土壤吸附固定。随着土壤pH升高,两种土壤的有效态铜锌含量均显著下降,且复合污染高于单一污染;而在相同pH值下,两种土壤中有效态铜锌含量的差异不显著。可见,pH值是影响土壤重金属有效性的关键因素。改良剂影响土壤重金属有效性的主要机理在于其能显著提高土壤pH值,致使有效态重金属含量明显下降。　The effects of amendments on availability of Cu and Zn in soils were researched,which in order to provide certain significance for amending combined contamination soils. The available Cu and Zn contents and pH of red and paddy soils were observed with applying different amendments（lime、superphosphate and zeolite）. The article also discussed the effects of amendments on availability of heavy metal through mensurating available Cu and Zn contents with different pH value. It could be made combined contamination soils by adding Cu and Zn solution. The available Cu and Zn contents were mensurated by CaCl2 leaching after 30 days. The results showed that application of amendments could significantly reduce the availability of Cu and Zn. The effects of three amendments decreased in an order： lime〉zeolite〉superphosphate. The available Cu and Zn contents in combined contamination soils were higher than that in single contamination soils. And the different of available Cu in single and combined contamination was significant at 5%,but the different of available Zn was reverse. It was a potential reason that compared with copper,zinc was more competitive and easier adsorbed by soils. With pH of soils increasing,available Cu and Zn contents in two soils decreased significantly. The availability of Cu and Zn in combined contamination soils were stronger than that in single contamination soils. But the different of availability of Cu and Zn in two soils were not significant at 5% in the same pH condition. So it was concluded that pH value was the most crucial factor which effected the availability of heavy metal in soils. The effects of amendments on availability of heavy metal in soils was that amendments could improve the pH value of soils significantly,leading to the decrease of available Cu and Zn contents.

关 键 词：铜 锌 有效性 红壤 改良剂 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]