中国西部复杂叠合盆地油气成藏研究进展与问题  

Advancements and Problems on Hydrocarbon Accumulation Research of Complicated Superimposed Basins in Western China

作　　者：庞雄奇[1] 罗晓容[2] 姜振学[1] 林畅松[3] 张水昌[4] 钟宁宁[1] 李忠[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国石油大学,北京102249 [2]中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所,北京100029 [3]中国地质大学,北京100083 [4]中国石油勘探开发研究院,北京100083

出　　处：《地球科学进展》2007年第9期879-887,共9页Advances in Earth Science

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划项目"中国典型叠合盆地油气形成富集与分布预测"(编号:G1999043300)资助

摘　　要：中国西部复杂叠合盆地富集了中国45%左右的剩余油气资源,目前探明率不到20%,发展潜力巨大。近20年来的基础理论研究表明,中国西部复杂叠合盆地具有"多期构造变革、多套生储盖组合、多旋回油气成藏、多次调整改造"的油气地质特征,大油气田的形成和分布受"古隆起迁移、烃源灶演化、区域盖层发育、构造平衡带叠合"四大要素的控制,在此基础上提出了"多元复合—过程叠加"的成藏模式和有利勘探区预测方法,为塔里木盆地的油气勘探进一步指明了方向。除四大要素外,复杂油气藏的形成和分布还受"圈闭发育分布"、"储层发育分布"、"优势通道形成演化"、"运聚动力条件"及其相互耦合关系的控制,在已有成果的基础上进一步开展"复杂油气藏形成演化机制与分布规律"的基础研究,对于进一步提高钻探成效和发展叠合盆地油气勘探理论具有重大的现实意义。About 45% of China remaining hydrocarbon resources are contained in the complicated superimposed basins in western China. However, the proven ratio is less than 20% and the potential is great. The reseaches of basic theories over the past two decades indicate that these superimposed basins are characterized by four geological features ： multi-phase structural revolution, muhi-sets of source-reservoir-seal assemblages, multi-cycles of hydrocarbon accumulation and multi-phase adjustment and reconstruction＂. The formation and distribution of giant fields are controlled by four key elements including ＂the migration of paleo-highs, the evolution of source kitchens, the development of regional seals and the superimposition of structural equilibrium belts. Based on the research results, the accumulation model of ＂multi factors recombination and process superimposition＂ and the methodology for predicting favorable exploration fairways are proposed to guide the hydrocarbon exploration in the Tarim basin. Besides the four key elements mentioned above, the formation and distribution of complicated hydrocarbon accumulations are also controlled by ＂development and distribution of traps, development and distribution of reservoir rocks, formation and evolution of preferential migration pathways, dynamic conditions for migration and accumulation＂ and their inter-coupling relationships. Based on the previous achievements, further basic researches on ＂formation and evolution mechanism and distribution patterns of complicated hydrocarbon accumulations＂ has a great practical significance to improve the efficiency of exploration drilling and develop exploration theories on petroleum explorations in superimposed basins.

关 键 词：复杂叠合盆地 油气藏形成 油气田勘探 油气预测 

分 类 号：TE121.1[石油与天然气工程—油气勘探]