石新733小麦的水分生理特点及节水灌溉效应  

Physiological Characteristics of Water in Wheat Cultivar SX733: the Effect of Water-Saving Irrigation

作　　者：马瑞昆[1] 贾秀领[1] 张全国[1] 张丽华[1] 姚艳荣[1] 杨利华[1] 

机构地区：[1]河北省农林科学院粮油作物研究所,河北石家庄050031

出　　处：《作物学报》2007年第9期1446-1451,共6页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30370848);河北省自然科学基金项目(C2006000738);国家科技攻关计划粮食丰产科技工程项目(2004BA520A07-04-05)

摘　　要：石新733是一个高产优质小麦新品种,为探明其是否适用于节水高产栽培,于2003—2004和2004—2005年度进行了节水灌溉对其水分生理性状和产量影响的田间试验。结果表明,石新733的叶片渗透调节能力比邯麦9、石麦9和衡7228的平均值高71.6%,叶水势比衡7228约高0.1 MPa。石新733的离体叶片失水速率较高;蒸腾速率、净光合速率和气孔导度与石麦9和邯麦9接近,均高于衡7228;胞间CO2浓度和蒸腾效率品种间没有明显差别。与灌5水处理相比,灌2水处理的叶水势和叶片气体交换参数均相近而灌浆盛期的光合功能和蒸腾效率较高。石新733的产量高于其他3个品种,其中,不灌水和灌2水处理分别比其他3个品种平均产量增加11.3%和7.0%。全生育期只灌拔节和抽穗开花期2水的节水处理比灌4水的常规灌溉处理增产5.6%,说明该品种可在节水高产栽培上应用。The objective of this study was to measure leaf water potential, photosynthesis, transpiration, stomatal conductance, inter-cellular CO2 concentration, transpiration effeciency, water-saving irrigation effects on physiological traits and grain yield using SX733, a new high-yielding and good-quality winter wheat （ Triticum aestivum L. ） cultivar and HM9, SM9, and 117228 in the field experiments irrigated with differrent times during 2003-2004 and 2004-2005. The results indicated that the leaf osmotic adjustment capability of SX733 was 0.11 MPa, which was higher than the average （0.065 MPa） of other 3 cuhivars by 71.6%. Leaf water potential of SX733 was higher than that of H7228 by about 0.1 MPa, and the excised-leaf water loss rate of SX733 was higher than that of other cuhivars when it was well-irrigated. Transpiration rate, net photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance of SX733 were similar to those of SM9 and HM9, but higher than those of 117228. There was no remarkable difference among cuhivars in inter-cellular CO2 concentration and transpiration efficiency. The 2 times irrigation treatment maintained almost the same level of leaf water potential and leaf gas exchange parameters as the 5 times irrigation treatment with improved photosynthesis and transpiration efficiency during grain-filling period. Compared with other 3 cultivars, the yield of SX733 was increased by 11.3% and 7.0% in non-irrigation and 2 times irrigation treatments, respectively. The yield of 2 times irrigation treatment at stem elongation and heading for SX733 was 5.6% higher than that of 4 times irrigation treatment. It is concluded that water-saving irrigation management can be well implemented in SX733 production.

关 键 词：小麦 水分生理 节水灌溉 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]