水稻植株通气系统与稻田CH_4排放相关性研究  

Correlation between Rice Plant Aerenchyma System and Methane Emission from Paddy Field

作　　者：傅志强[1] 黄璜[1] 何保良[1] 谢伟[1] 廖晓兰[2] 

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学农学院 [2]湖南农业大学生物安全科学与技术学院,湖南长沙410128

出　　处：《作物学报》2007年第9期1458-1467,共10页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：国家"十五"科技攻关计划粮食丰产科技工程项目(2004BA520A01);国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划)项目(2004AA115240)

摘　　要：水稻植株是稻田甲烷(CH4)排放的重要通道,90%的CH4气体由水稻植株通气组织排放到大气中。探讨水稻植株通气组织与水稻CH4排放量之间的相关性,可为水稻栽培和育种实践中减排CH4提供理论和实践依据。2005年早、晚两季大田试验测定了16个水稻品种CH4排放量和植株地上部各节间组织16个数量特征及其相关程度。结果表明,早、晚两季,杂交稻品种CH4排放量比常规稻分别减少了29.8%和6.9%;早、晚品种植株节间组织数量特征与CH4排放量相关的因子并不一致。水稻植株地上部5个节间中与CH4排放量相关的因子主要在第2、3节间,其次是第1节间。早稻品种中与CH4排放量达α=0.01水平显著相关的仅有第2节间叶鞘横切面积与节间横切面积之比;晚稻品种中与CH4排放量达α=0.01以上水平的因子按相关程度从大到小排序为株高、第1节间叶鞘维管束面积与茎壁横切面积之比、第3节间叶鞘横切面积与节间横切面积之比、第2节间维管束总面积与节间横切面积之比、第1节间维管束总面积与茎壁横切面积之比、第3节间茎秆维管束面积与茎秆横切面积之比。株高、维管束面积、气腔面积是影响水稻植株甲烷排放的重要因子。Rice plants play a pivotal role in methane emission and more than 90% of CH4 released from a rice field during a growing season can be emitted by rice plant-mediated transport. Studying the relationship between rice plant aerenchyma system and methane emission may provide the theoretical and practical basis for reducing methane emission in the course of rice culturing and breeding practice. In a field experiment during early and late rice seasons in 2005, methane emission amount and 16 quantitative characters of plant internodal tissues above ground were determined using 16 cuhivars by sampling with the static chamber and measuring characters with microscope technique. The results were as follows ： （ 1 ） Methane emission amount of hybrid rice reduced by 29.8 % and 6.9 % respectively at early and late rice seasons compared to the conventional rice, which was consistent with the results documented by other researches. （2） The plant intemodal quantitative characters of early cultivars which were significantly correlated with methane emission differed from those of late cultivars. At the same time, the number of correlative factors among stem intemodes was different from each other and that of the third intemode was more than others. Among early cuhivars, only the ratio of the area of transverse section for leaf sheath to the area of transverse section for the second intemode was significantly correlated with methane emission at the 0.01 probability level. As to late rice cultivars, the plant height and five area ratios between the quantitative characters, such as leaf sheath vascular bundles and stem wall transverse section in the first internode, leaf sheath transverse section and that of the third intemode, total area of vascular bundles including leaf sheath and stem culm and second intemode transverse section, total area of vascular bundles including leaf sheath and stem culm and first intemodal stem wall transverse section, stem culm vascular bundles and the third internodal stem transverse section ,

关 键 词：水稻植株 通气组织 甲烷排放 相关性 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]