致癌和非致癌环境健康风险的预期寿命损失评价法  

Method of Loss of Life Expectancy for Quantitate and Compare the Health Risk Caused by Carcinogen and Non-carcinogen Pollutants

作　　者：许海萍[1] 张建英[1] 张志剑[1] 朱荫湄[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江大学环境与资源学院生态环境研究中心,杭州310029

出　　处：《环境科学》2007年第9期2148-2152,共5页Environmental Science

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展规划(973)项目(2002CB410810)

摘　　要：预期寿命损失法(loss of life expectancy,LLE)可以对致癌和非致癌物质的环境健康风险进行评价和比较,是一种污染物环境健康风险评价的新方法.应用该方法对中国目前危害较大的6种典型致癌和非致癌污染物砷、DDTs、苯并芘、铅、汞、镉造成的人体的预期寿命损失进行了分析,并比较了6种污染物的环境健康风险大小.结果表明,预期寿命损失法可以作为污染物健康风险评价的一种方法,致癌物质砷、DDTs、苯并芘分别导致一个健康个体寿命损失3.6 d、2.2 d和12.1 d,非致癌物质铅、汞、镉分别导致一个健康个体寿命损失1.1 d、1.7 d和5.8 d;用预期寿命损失方法可以对致癌、非致癌风险在同一尺度上进行比较,在目标污染物现有相关研究基础上,6种污染物的健康风险大小顺序为苯并芘>镉>砷>DDTs>汞>铅.Loss of life expectancy（LLE） was used to evaluate and quantitate the health risk caused by carcinogen and non-carcinogen pollutants,and was proposed as a new method to compare the environmental health risk of different pollutants.The environmental health risks exposed by 6 major environmental pollutants in China,i.e.,arsenic,DDTs,BaP,lead,cadmium and mercury,were evaluated and compared by using LLE.The LLE caused by carcinogen pollutants such as arsenic,DDTs and BaP are 3.6 d,2.2 d and 12.1 d respectively,while the corresponding values caused by non-carcinogen pollutants such as lead,mercury and cadmium are 1.1 d,1.7 d and 5.8 d respectively.Based on the studies published before,the rank of the health risk of the selected six environmental pollutants is BaP 〉cadmium 〉arsenic 〉DDTs 〉mercury 〉lead.The results reveal that the LLE can be utilized as a new index to evaluate and quantitate the health risk,and the environmental health risk caused by carcinogen and non-carcinogen pollutants can be compared within an unitive criterion by LLE.

关 键 词：污染物 致癌 非致癌 环境健康风险评价 预期寿命损失 

分 类 号：X820.4[环境科学与工程—环境工程]