不同溶解氧条件下亚硝酸盐和非离子氨对大菱鲆的急性毒性效应  

Acute toxic effects of nitrite and non-ion ammonia on turbot (Scophthalmus maximus)at different DO levels

作　　者：曲克明[1] 徐勇[1] 马绍赛[1] 李健[1] 

机构地区：[1]农业部海洋渔业资源可持续利用重点开放实验室,中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所,青岛266071

出　　处：《海洋水产研究》2007年第4期83-88,共6页Marine Fisheries Research

基　　金：国家高技术研究发展计划(2003AA623040)资助

摘　　要：研究了过饱和氧条件下亚硝酸盐和氨氮对大菱鲆急性毒性效应,同时对比了在正常溶解氧条件下亚硝酸盐和氨氮对大菱鲆急性毒性效应。实验结果表明,过饱和氧条件下亚硝酸盐对大菱鲆的48hLC50值和96hLC50值(95%可信限)分别为467.60mg/L和390.78mg/L,非离子氨对大菱鲆的48hLC50值和96hLC50值(95%可信限)分别为2.40mg/L和1.73mg/L;而正常溶氧条件下,亚硝酸盐对大菱鲆的48hLC50值和96hLC50值(95%可信限)分别为181.07mg/L和130.66mg/L,非离子氨对大菱鲆的48hLC50值和96hLC50值(95%可信限)分别为1.82mg/L和1.14mg/L。亚硝酸盐和非离子氨对大菱鲆均具有一定的毒性,其主要中毒症状表现为,中毒的个体开始急躁不安并沿槽壁狂游,频繁发生相互碰撞或与槽壁摩擦,随后行动减缓并伴有侧游或侧翻动作,呼吸速度减慢,发生昏迷并沉落水底,直至死亡。死亡的大菱鲆鱼体弯曲,体色变淡,鳃盖张开。无论在过饱和氧还是在正常溶氧条件下非离子氨对大菱鲆的毒性都远大于亚硝酸盐的毒性,同时高浓度溶解氧的存在使大菱鲆对这两种毒物的耐受能力得以提高。提出了在大菱鲆循环水养殖过程中可以通过向水体充氧的方式以提高大菱鲆对亚硝酸盐和非离子氨的耐受力。In this experiment, the acute toxic effects of nitrite and non-ion ammonia on juveniles of turbot（Scophthalrnus maximus）were studied under the conditions of normal DO （5.5 -6.0 mg/L） and hyperoxic level（10-12 mg/L）. The results showed that the 48h and 96 h LC50 with 95% confidence limits of nitrite for turbot under hyperoxie conditions were 467.60 mg/L（427.34-511.66 mg/L）and 390.78 mg/L（356.12-28.82 mg/L）, and the same values of non-ion ammonia were 2.40 mg/L（2.16-2.67 mg/L）and 1.73 rag/L（1.51-1.97 mg/L）. However, when turbot juvenile was at normal DO level, the 48 h and 96 h LCs0 with 95 % confidence limits of nitrite were 181. 07 mg/L （148. 45 - 220. 85 mg/L）and 130. 66 mg/L （106.40-160.43 mg/L）, respectively, and the same values of non-ion ammonia were 1. 82 mg/L（1. 40-2. 38 mg/L）and 1. 14 mg/L（0. 99-1.26 mg/L）, respectively. It could be seen that both nitrite and ammonia-nitrogen produced toxic effects on turbot. The main toxic symptoms were as follows, when turbot juveniles exposed to high concentrations of nitrite （600 mg/L） or non-ion ammonia （2.58 mg/L）, they behaved uneasily at first, swimming violently along the wall of beaker, then fish activities slowed down, and their breath became more and more feeble, at last, coma of some fish happened until they died. The bodies of dead turbots were bended, became thin in color, and their gills opened unnaturally. No matter at what DO conditions, non-ion ammonia was much stronger than nitrite in toxicity to turbot. In addition, hyperoxic conditions could make turbot endure much higher concentrations of both nitrite and non-ion ammonia. So oxygen aeration could be used for the sake of improving the endurance of turbots to nitrite and non-ion ammonia in recirculating culture.

关 键 词：亚硝酸盐 非离子氨 大菱鲆 急性毒性 

分 类 号：S931.3[农业科学—渔业资源]