非传粉小蜂对榕-蜂共生系统的影响  

IMPACTS OF NON-POLLINATING FIG WASPS ON FIG-POLLINATING WASP MUTUALISM

作　　者：徐法健[1] 陈国华[2] 彭艳琼[1] 谢晓波[1] 杨大荣[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园,昆明650223 [2]云南农业大学植保学院,昆明650201

出　　处：《植物生态学报》2007年第5期969-975,共7页Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30571507和30200220)

摘　　要：榕-蜂共生系统是桑科榕属(Ficus)植物与传粉榕小蜂专一互惠形成的生态学关系。但是,也有一些非传粉的小蜂出现在这个系统中,对榕-蜂共生系统可能产生较大的影响。西双版纳的聚果榕(Ficus racemosa)树上主要有5种非传粉小蜂,分别在榕果发育的不同阶段从果外向果内产卵。在传粉榕小蜂进果之前的花前期,Platyneuratestace、Apocryptasp.和P.mayri这3种非传粉小蜂先后到果外产卵繁殖后代,对榕-蜂共生系统造成显著影响,尤其是影响传粉榕小蜂的繁殖。在传粉榕小蜂进果之后的间花期,P.mayri、A.westwoodi和P.agraensis这3种非传粉小蜂相继到果外产卵,它们虽然能减少种子形成和传粉榕小蜂繁殖的数量,但最终没有对榕-蜂共生系统造成显著的影响。造瘿类的P.mayri可在花前期和间花期产卵繁殖,在花前期产卵时它主要是影响传粉榕小蜂的繁殖,而在间花期产卵时它则更多地是影响种子的生产。Aims The interaction between Ficus species and their pollinating wasps （Agaonidae） is a striking example of a mutualism. Figs are also exploited by chalcidoid wasps that develop within the figs but do not transfer pollen. F. racernosa, a common species in the Xishuangbanna tropical area, is monoecious, and there are five species of non-pollinating fig wasps that coexist with the fig-pollinating Ceratosolen fusciceps inside the syconium. These non-pollinating fig wasps oviposit from outside the fig wall using long ovipositors to reach the ovules inside during different phases of syconium development. We studied the effect of the non-pollinating wasps on mutualism, in order to determine the relationship between the time and the distribution of female flowers, and to understand how non-pollinating species coexist with the mutualistic species. Methods We isolated syconia at different phases, using bags in order to prevent non-pollinating wasps from ovipositing on the fig wall. We brought the syconia into the laboratory when the figs were mature and let the pollinating and non-pollinating fig wasps leave the syconia in the isolation bags. We then counted the number of seeds and pollinating fig wasps and compared differences in numbers with independent-samples t-test. Important findings During the prefemale phase, before the pollinating fig wasp enters the fig cavity, Platyneura testace, Apocrypta sp. and P. mayri oviposit on the fig wall. These non-pollinators significantly affect the mutualism, especially the product of the pollinating fig wasp. During the interfloral phase, when the pollinating fig wasp has entered the fig cavity, P. mayri, A. westwoodi and P. agraensis oviposit on the fig wall. Although these non-pollinators reduce the number of seeds and fig-pollinating wasps, they do not significandy affect the fig-wasp mutualism. P. mayri is a gallmaker that oviposits during prefemale and interfloral phases. It affects the reproduction of fig-pollinating wasps during prefemale phase, but mainly affects s

关 键 词：聚果榕 传粉榕小蜂 非传粉小蜂 榕-蜂共生系统 

分 类 号：Q948[生物学—植物学] Q968