一般管理人员职业紧张状况及紧张反应的影响因素  

Appraisal of occupational stress and its influential factors in administrative support group

作　　者：杨新伟[1] 刘泽军[1] 庞星火[1] 王治明[2] 金泰虞[3] 王生[4] 

机构地区：[1]北京市疾病预防控制中心、首都医科大学公共卫生与家庭医学学院,北京100020 [2]四川大学华西公共卫生学院 [3]复旦大学公共卫生学院 [4]北京大学医学部公共卫生学院

出　　处：《中国行为医学科学》2007年第9期818-820,共3页Chinese Journal of Behavioral Medical Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目（30500402）

摘　　要：目的探讨一般管理人员职业紧张状况及紧张反应的影响因素。方法采用职业紧张量表（OSI-R）,对事业、企业单位/部门、科室的一般管理人员（研究组）569例,随机抽取工厂、机关、服务和商业等行业的职工（对照组）319例,共计888例进行研究。结果①一般管理人员的职业任务、紧张反应总均分及各子项（除工作环境子相外）得分均显著高于对照组[（31.96±5.98）分,（26.18±5.44）分;（35.76±4.20）分,（24.23±5.70）分。（22.54±3.14）分,（17.25±5.15）分;（24.27±4.88）分,（22.45±6.39）分;（27.30±3.41）分,（22.37±4.42）分;（22.36±4.02）分,（20.18±5.96）分;P〈0.01],仅自我保健子项得分显著高于对照组[（30.42±5.55）分,（28.39±6.74）分;P〈0.01]。②紧张反应与职业任务呈明显正相关（r=0.319,P〈0.01）。③个体紧张反应、业务紧张反应的主要影响因素（按从强到弱顺序排列）：责任感、任务冲突、工作环境、任务模糊、工龄;心理紧张反应的主要影响因素：责任感、任务不适、工作环境、任务冲突、任务模糊;人际关系紧张反应的主要影响因素：任务冲突、年龄、娱乐休闲、工作环境。躯体紧张反应的主要影响因素：任务模糊、责任感、自我保健。结论针对一般管理人员的主要紧张源,紧张反应及其影响因素,采取有针对性的干预措施,以降低一般管理人员的职业紧张程度,保护和促进工作能力是职业卫生领域面临的重要任务之一。Objective To assess occupational stress and its influential factors in administrative support group. Methods A test was carry out with revised occupational stress inventory （OSI-R） for 569 administrative support group and 319 controls. Results （ 1 ） Among the 6 items of occupational role questionnaire, the scores of role overload, role insufficiency, role boundary, role ambiguity and responsibility are obviously higher in the administrative support group （31.96 ± 5.98,26.18 ± 5.44 ;35.76 ± 4.20,24.23 ± 5.70 ; P 〈 0.01 ）. The scores of vocational strain, psychological strain, interpersonal strain and physical strain in the administrative support group are significantly higher （22.54 ± 3.14,17.25 ± 5.15 ;24.27 ± 4.88,22.45 ± 6.39 ; 27.30 ± 3.41,22.37 ± 4.42 ; 22.36 ±4.02,20.18 ±5.96; P〈0.01 ）. The results of personal resources indicate that self-care scores in administrative support group are superior（ 30.42 ± 5.55,28.39 ± 6.74 ; P 〈 0.01 ）. （ 2 ） Occupational role and personal strain were positively correlated（ r=0.319 , P〈0.01 ）. （3） The major influential factors of personal strain and vocational strain were responsibility, role boundary, role ambiguity and work duration. The major influential factors of interpersonal strain were role boundary, age, recreation, and physical environment. The major influential factors of psychological strain were responsibility, role insufficiency, physical environment, role ambiguity and role boundary. The major influential factors of physical strain were role ambiguity, responsibility and self-care. Conclusions Different measure should be take to reduce the occupational stress so as to improve the work ability of administrative support group.

关 键 词：职业卫生 职业紧张 一般管理人员 

分 类 号：R686[医药卫生—骨科学]