幼儿到成人视觉注意发展的研究  

The developmental study of the visual attention from younger children to adult

作　　者：张兴利[1] 冉瑜英[2] 施建农[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院心理研究所、中国科学院研究生院,北京100101 [2]四川省苍溪中学初中部

出　　处：《中国行为医学科学》2007年第9期821-823,共3页Chinese Journal of Behavioral Medical Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目（30370489,30670716）

摘　　要：目的探查智力正常幼儿到成人的视觉注意发展的变化。方法采用瑞文标准推理测验筛选出120名智力正常的儿童（5,7,9,11,13,15岁）和20名智力正常成人（年龄从20-30岁）作为被试;实验材料根据经典的视觉搜索范式改编,通过DMDX系统控制材料的呈现和记录被试反应。结果5岁幼儿的反应时明显长于其他几组儿童和成人的反应时,5,7,9,11,13,15岁儿童和成人的搜索时间分别为：[（2122.58±574.50）ms、（1350.64±279.38）ms、（1148.03±248.87）ms、（977.63±183.92）ms、（789.36±154.93）ms、（778.72±147.53）ms、（803.93±146.83）ms],差异具有显著性（P〈0.01）;而从7岁、9岁、11岁到13岁的儿童的反应时都随着年龄的增加而逐渐变快,并且每2组之间的反应时的差异都达到显著水平。结论从幼儿期到儿童期视觉搜索技能随着年龄的增长而逐渐提高;在童年晚期逐渐成熟,该阶段儿童的搜索技能与成人没有显著差异;但是从幼儿期到儿童期的视觉搜索技能的增长量却逐渐减少。Objective To investigated processes underlying the development of the visual attention skills from younger children to adults. Methods Psychometric intelligence was measured using Raven Progressive Matrices before the experiment. The participants were 120 children from 5 to 15 years of age and 20 adults whose IQ was average. The experimental material was adopted on the standard visual search paradigm, and the stimuli were presented and the participants＇reaction was recorded through the DMDX system. Results Search RTs underwent analyses of variance （ANOVAs） with age group as a between-subjects factor. There was a main effect of age group, indicating that the 5-years-old participants＇ RT was significantly slower than older children and adults. The RTs of the 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15-years-old participants were 2122.58 ± 574. 50,1350.64 ± 279.38,1148.03 ± 248.87, 977.63 ± 183.92,789.36 ± 154.93,778.72 ± 147.53,803.93 ± 146.83ms respectively, and the developmental difference was significantly （ P〈 0.01 ）. RTs decreased with increasing age from 5 years up to 13 - 15 years. There was no significantly difference between 15-years-old children and 13-years-old. Conclusion The results suggested that visual attention performance improved with the increasing age from 5 years up to 13 - 15 years;and indicated that searches for color feature and conjunctions were treated similarly for older children and adults; but the improved amount of the visual attention performance was decreased with age increasing.

关 键 词：注意 视觉搜索 发展 

分 类 号：R686[医药卫生—骨科学]