吉林省中部粮食主产区玉米种植投入调查  

The Investigation of the Maize Planted Cost Forms in Central of Jilin Province

作　　者：李奇峰[1] 陈阜[1] 张海林[1] 刘武仁[2] 边少锋[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学农学与生物技术学院,北京100094 [2]吉林省农科院环资中心,公主岭136100

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2007年第9期628-631,共4页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家重大科技专项"粮食丰产科技工程资助项目"(2004BA520A14)

摘　　要：采用分层随机抽样的方法对东北粮食主产区榆树县的250户农户玉米种植中各部分投入情况进行调查,通过大量详细的微观信息,研究农户投入构成,各部分所占比重,以及当前生产上主要的肥料和农药使用情况,为栽培技术科学化研究和政府宏观管理提供决策依据。研究表明:调查户平均种植品种数为3.7个,户均耕地达到了0.97hm2,有接近30%的农户主要采用畜力耕作,人工播种的农户占的比重为35.6%,而人工收获为98%,在玉米收获期间有43.2%的农户雇工,雇工成本也占到了总投入的23%。肥料的投入占到农户总投入的40%,其中复合肥的使用比重占到了63.6%,N、P2O5、K2O平均公顷施用量为268.5kg、138kg和102kg;农药三大类中,杀菌剂有95.1%的农户使用,除草剂有53.4%的农户使用,杀虫剂的使用比重比较低,只有17.0%。结论:调查中玉米种植品种混杂,商品粮市场竞争力不强。虽然户均耕地较大,但机械化程度不高,人力作业集中在玉米收获期,雇工成本较高;化肥的投入量大,接近最高产量的施肥水平,高于效益最高的施肥水平,有调整的空间。复合肥使用比例较大,由于氮素缓释剂的应用还不成熟,而导致玉米生育后期的氮素供应不足造成减产。可以通过加强农户合作组织,实现土地统一经营管理,降低生产投入,提高粮食品质。This paper presents farmer＇s maize planted input in Yushu county of the Northeast district of main grain producing area. By investigated 250 household get a large number of detailed and accurate information, research household input structure, and the various part specific proportion, as well as the fertil- izer and agricultural chemical used in production at present. The research indicates： the average breed number is 3.7 in the investigation household, and influences the maize＇s character as the breed mixes. The average household cultivated land has near to l hm2. There were 30% of household adopting the animal power for farming, 35.6% of household were man-made sowing, and 98% of household were man-made harvest. There were 43.2% of household hired laborer in harvest, and the cost was occupied 23% of total input. The fertilizer is the main part in maize planted, and occupied 40% of total input. The dosages of N, P205, K20 were 268.5kg, 138kg and 102kg per hm2. About agricultural chemical, the usage of fungieides was 95.1%, and the herbicidal was 53.4%, and the insecticide was fairly lower, only 17.0%. The conclusion： the average cultivated land of household was lager in the investigation, but the mechanize level is not high. The dosage of fertilizer was close to the highest output, and the usage of P and K fertilizer were low- er. The Proportion of compound fertilizer using was large, and the short supply of nitrogen will lead to the reduction of output in the maize later period. By way of strengthening the cooperation of peasant house- hold and unified management, it can reduce the input and raise the grain character.

关 键 词：粮食主产区 生产成本 化肥 农药 

分 类 号：S932.2[农业科学—渔业资源]