道路对若尔盖高寒草地植被的影响研究  

Effect of Road on High-frigid Grassland Vegetation of Zoige

作　　者：王乾[1] 罗鹏[1] 吴宁[1] 易绍良[1] 蹇依[2] 兰波 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院成都生物研究所,成都610041 [2]四川省交通厅交通勘察设计研究院,成都610017 [3]国道213线郎木寺至川主寺公路改建工程指挥部,成都610041

出　　处：《世界科技研究与发展》2007年第3期54-61,共8页World Sci-Tech R&D

基　　金：中国科学院重要方向性项目(KSCX2-SW-123-5);中国科学院知识创新工程西部行动计划岷江项目;自然科学基金重点项目(90511008);四川省青年科技基金(03ZQ026-043);中国科学院"西部之光"计划联合学者项目资助;交通部西部交通建设科技项目(200431800054)

摘　　要：对国道213线若尔盖高寒湿地花湖段道路周围的植被进行了调查,沿道路按照一定的景观格局,在道路两边设置垂直于道路的样线,沿样线在距离道路10m、50m和200m的地方设置样地。共布置样线19条,样地57个,测量样方130个。道路段地处亚高山草甸地带,主要植被类型是矮型嵩草和杂类草草甸。道路周围的植物群落根据聚类分析可分为8个群丛,其中85%的群落类型为长叶火绒草——长毛风毛菊——鹅绒委陵菜——小嵩草群落(Assoc.Lenotopod ium——Saussurea——Potentilla——Kobresia),7%为鹅绒委陵菜——平车前——二裂委陵菜群落(Assoc.Potentilla anserine——P lantago——Potentilla b ifurca)。施工区植物种类共计约110种,隶属于29科73属,未发现濒危物种存在。区系组成上,以北温带分布物种为主,占总数的55%,其次为世界分布物种,占25.7%,菊科、禾本科和毛茛科植物种类最多,占物种总数的36.8%。整个路段植物物种丰富度值为27.8±8.2,其中以牧民夏棚定居点附近的物种丰富度最低,其它地段较高;湿地物种丰富度中等;物种丰富度最高的出现在红星乡牧场。整个道路段附近植物多样性指数(Shannon-W iener指数)为1.95±0.48,分布式样与丰富度类似。在红星乡冬牧场和花湖地段靠近道路的样地多样性指数最高,在湿地保护站以南道路段,多样性指数也基本上以道路边最高。物种丰富度并未表现出明显的梯度,显示出道路对植被的匀质化作用。土地使用(冬牧场和夏牧场)类型差异对植被类型和生物量有显著的影响。但是由于道路存在的时间较长以及放牧的存在使道路效应的表现不很明显。As one of the most valuable low latitude high - frigid wedand in the world, Zoige plateau is still a heavy disturbed area by intense grazing and road construction. The national road G213 which connects Chengdu and Lanzhou goes through there. Our studies focus on the effect of road to surrounding ecosystems. A survey on the vegetation of Zoige high-frigid grassland along the section of Huahu of G213 was carried out in 2005. Plots were arranged along transects which are perpendicular to the road with distance of 10, 50 and 200m away from it. Total of 19 transects, 57 plots and 130 quardrads were arranged. Analysis on the flora, community structure and biodiversity are applied. The vegetation types along the road are chiefly subalpine dwarf Kobresia and forb meadows. They are further divided by cluster analysis into 8 associations. Of which 85% belongs to Assoc. Lenotopodium——Saussurea——Potentilla——Kobresia, and 7% to Assoc. Potentilla anserine——Plantago——Potentilla bifurca. There are totally about 110 species belonging to 29 families and 73 genera. We haven＇t found rare and endemic species in this area. The flora of this area is mainly of the nature of north temperate, comprising 55% of total species. The next largest one is cosmopohtan type, comprising 25.7% species. Families with most species are Asteracea, Gramineae and Ranunculaceae, they account for 36.8% of total species. The species richness is 27. 8 ± 8. 2, with the lowest value at the plots nearby of summer setdement house of nomads. The wetland plots have a moderate value of species richness. The mean biodiversity index expressed as Shannon-Wiener index is 1.95 ± 0. 48 with the similar pattern as species richness. The highest biodiversity index occurred in the plots on the winter pastureland of Hongxing village and the meadow near Huahu Lake. Although plant diversity index is slightly biased near to the roadsides, the species richness is almost the same. This result means that a homogenization process of vegetation occurred along t

关 键 词：道路效应 若尔盖 高寒草地 植物群落 物种丰富度 多样性指数 

分 类 号：Q948[生物学—植物学]