磷肥和有机肥的产量效应与土壤积累磷的环境风险评价  

The Response of Vegetable Yield to Phosphate Fertilizer and Organic Manure and Environmental Risk Assessment of Phosphorus Accumulated in Soil

作　　者：刘建玲[1] 廖文华[1] 张作新[1] 张海涛[1] 王新军[1] 孟娜[1] 

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学资源与环境学院,保定071001

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2007年第5期959-965,共7页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：河北省自然科学基金(300130);国家"948"项目(2003-253);河北省教育厅博士基金

摘　　要：【目的】研究大量施用磷肥和有机肥对大白菜产量、土壤各形态磷积累量、土壤磷的吸附饱和度、土壤灌溉水中可溶性磷及土壤磷渗漏的影响。【方法】采用磷肥和有机肥田间定位试验的作物产量效应和土壤积累磷的环境风险相结合的方法。【结果】施用P2O5360kg·ha-1和有机肥150t·ha-1显著增加大白菜的产量,过量施用磷肥和有机肥大白菜产量无显著变化;随着磷肥和有机肥用量的增加,0～20cm土层Olsen-P、CaCl2-P、NaOH-P、土壤灌溉滞留水中可溶性磷均显著增加,随着磷肥和有机肥用量的增加,土壤磷的吸附饱和度(DPS)增加,在施用磷肥基础上增施有机肥,土壤最大吸磷量(Qm)明显降低;20～40cm土层Olsen-P与CaCl2-P显著增加。【结论】过量施用磷肥和有机肥白菜产量无显著变化;随磷肥和有机肥用量的增加,土壤Olsen-P、水溶性磷、生物有效磷、土壤磷的吸附饱和度及土壤灌溉滞留水中可溶性磷含量均显著增加,从而明显增加了土壤积累磷的潜在风险。[Objective] The yield response of Chinese cabbage to phosphate fertilizer and organic manure was studied. Phosphorus accumulation, degree of P sorption saturation, soluble phosphorus in irrigating water, phosphorus leaching were also investigated under different rates of phosphate fertilizer and organic manure. [Method] The yield response of crop to phosphate fertilizer and organic manure and the loss risk of phosphorus in soil were studied using a long-term experiment. [Result] Results showed that application of P205 at rate of 360 kg.ha1 or application of organic manure at rate of 150 t·ha^-1 significantly increased the yield of Chinese cabbage. The yield was not changed with excessive rates of phosphate fertilizer and organic manure. The content of Olsen-P, CaCl2-P, NaOH-P, soluble phosphorus in irrigating stayed water in soil were increased significantly with the increase rate of phosphate fertilizer and organic manure. The degree of phosphorus sorption saturation in soil was increased with the increase rate of phosphate fertilizer and organic manure. Maximum phosphorus absorption capacity （Qm） decreased after applying phosphate fertilizer with the increase rate of organic manure. The content of Olsen-P and CaCl2-P were increased in the layer of 20-40 cm soil significantly. [Conclusion] The yield of Chinese cabbage was not significantly increased with excessive rate of phosphate fertilizer and organic manure. The content of Olsen-P, CaCl2-P, NaOH-P, soluble phosphorus in irrigating still water in soil were increased significantly with the increase rate of phosphate fertilizer and organic manure. The risk of phosphorus loss was increased.

关 键 词：磷肥 有机肥 产量效应 磷积累 环境风险 

分 类 号：S158[农业科学—土壤学]