用微卫星标记评估中国水稻主栽品种的遗传多样性  

Microsatellite Marker Evaluation on Genetic Diversity of the Major Commercial Rice Varieties in China

作　　者：应杰政[1,2] 施勇烽[3] 庄杰云[3] 薛庆中[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江大学农业与生物技术学院农学系 [2]中国水稻研究所国家水稻改良中心/国家水稻生物学重点实验室杭州310006 [3]中国水稻研究所国家水稻改良中心/国家水稻生物学重点实验室

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2007年第4期649-654,共6页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：中央级科研院所科技基础性工作专项(2003DEB5J046);农业部农业标准制定和修订项目(06249);浙江省重大项目(200524007;2003C22007)

摘　　要：【目的】为正确评估中国水稻(Oryza sativa L.)主栽品种的遗传多样性提供依据。【方法】应用位于水稻)12条染色体上已筛选的24个微卫星(simple sequence repeats,SSR)标记组合(每条染色体2个),分析63个主栽常规稻品种和杂交稻组合亲本(2002年推广面积达6.67×104ha(100万亩))的遗传变异。【结果】共检测到135个等位基因,平均每个标记5.6个;多态性频率(frequency of polymorphisms,FP)变动范围为0.486～0.840,平均0.682。水稻恢复系比保持系/不育系遗传差异大;与常规籼稻品种相比,常规粳稻品种的遗传多样性较低。聚类分析表明,中国籼稻品种主要来自华南稻区和长江流域稻区,粳稻品种则分布于北方稻区和太湖流域(江苏和浙江省),表现出明显的地域分布特点。【结论】作者认为,应用微卫星标记所作的中国水稻品种聚类分析与传统系谱分析趋势一致,结果更为精确。[Objective] The study was conducted to evaluate the genetic diversity of the major commercial rice varieties in China. [Method] 63 conventional rice varieties and parental lines of hybrid rice crosses, which were grown in an area of over one million Mu in 2002, were collected and assayed with a set of 24 microsatellite （Simple sequence repeats, SSR） markers distributed on all the 12 rice chromosomes with （two markers on each chromosome）. [Result] By using the 24 SSR markers we detected a total of 135 alleles from all tested varieties, with equivalent to 5.6 alleles per marker. The values of the frequency of polymorphism ranged greatly from 0.486 to 0.840 with an average of 0.682. The restorer lines have a higher level in genetic variation than the maintainer and sterile lines. Genetic diversity among the conventional indica varieties is higher than that among the conventional japonica varieties. Using cluster analysis, the results show, indica group is composed of varieties from the South region and the area adjacent to Changjiang River. Japonica group is distributed in the North region and in Taihu Lake area located in .liangsu-Zhejiang provinces, showing an obvious feature of geographical distribution. [Conclusion]On the basis of the above data, we conclude that the trends in genetic relationship of rice varieties in China that is constructed by SSR markers are almost identical or more accurate than the result based on the pedigree analysis.

关 键 词：水稻 微卫星标记 遗传多样性 遗传关系 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]