细胞质雄性不育海岛棉的选育和细胞学观察  

Breeding of Cytoplasmic Male Sterile Line in G.barbadense and Microsporogenesis Cytological Observation

作　　者：张小全[1] 王学德[1] 朱云国[1] 朱伟[1] 蒋培东[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江大学农业与生物技术学院农学系,杭州310029

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2007年第1期34-40,共7页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家"863"计划(2004AA212104);国家"973"计划[2004CB11730502(1)];浙江省重点攻关项目(2005C22G2010011)

摘　　要：【目的】利用细胞质雄性不育海岛棉和陆地棉种间的杂种优势。【方法】采用回交育种技术,选育了一套具有哈克尼西棉细胞质的海岛棉不育系“海A”和保持系“海B”,并用石蜡切片的方法对所选育的海岛棉不育系和保持系的小孢子发生进行了细胞学观察。【结果】育成的海岛棉不育系,虽然核背景由陆地棉被置换成了海岛棉,但败育的基本特征没有发生明显改变:“海A”的败育时期主要在小孢子母细胞减数分裂时期,花药无花粉粒,具有败育早、稳定和不受环境影响的特性;“海A”与陆地棉恢复系杂交,杂种F1花粉育性好,结铃率高,铃重增大,衣分提高。【结论】选育的“海A”在海岛棉与陆地棉种间杂种优势利用研究中具有良好的利用前景。[Objective] In order to utilize the heterosis of interspecific hybrid cotton （Gossypium, barbadense × G, hirsutum） based on the cytoplasmic male sterility system. [ Method] A G, barbadense male-sterility line ‘Hai A＇ with G, harknessii cytoplasm and its maintainer ‘Hal B＇ were developed by replacing nuclear genomes from G, hirsuturn to G. barbadense in a backcross breeding procedure. Its male cell abortion was observed using paraffin slice via H.E staining technique under light microscope, [Result] Results showed that the abortion in ‘Hai A＇, which mainly took place at the stage of microspore mother cell meiosis, did not significantly change at the cytological level, though G, hirsutum nuclear genome of sterile line was replaced by the G, barbadense nuclear genome. ‘Hai A＇ sterility was very stable because of its early abortion and anthers without pollen. Hybrids between ‘Hal A＇ and G. hirsutum restorers were high in pollen viability, boll setting rate, boll weight and lint percentage which contributed to heterosis of high yield. [ Conclusion ] ‘Hal A＇ is of value in the application of cotton interspecific hybrid seed production.

关 键 词：海岛棉 细胞质雄性不育 种间杂种优势 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学]