实时实地氮肥管理对水稻产量和稻米品质的影响  

Effect of Real-Time and Site-Specific Nitrigen Management on Rice Yield and Quality

作　　者：贺帆[1] 黄见良[1] 崔克辉[1] 曾建敏[1] 徐波 彭少兵[1,3] R J Buresh 

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学作物生理生态与栽培研究中心,武汉430070 [2]湖北省孝南区农业局,孝感432100 [3]国际水稻研究所,菲律宾马尼拉DAPO7777

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2007年第1期123-132,共10页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金海外杰出基金项目(30528005);国际水稻研究所(IRRI)RTOP项目;国家粮食丰产工程项目(2004BA520A12);农业部"948"引进项目(2003-Z53)

摘　　要：【目的】探讨实时实地氮肥管理对水稻产量和品质的影响。【方法】试验于2004和2005年在大田条件下,以两优培九、汕优63为材料研究了不同叶绿素仪(SPAD)预设阈值指导下的实时实地氮肥管理方式的产量与产量形成以及相应的稻米品质特性。【结果】在实时氮肥管理(RTNM)模式下,两优培九和汕优63各施氮处理比不施氮处理增产幅度分别达21.12%～57.65%和15.00%～31.18%。在实地氮肥管理(SSNM)模式下,两优培九和汕优63SSNM处理比不施氮小区增产幅度分别达45.44%～50.71%和28.53%～32.40%。两优培九SPAD阈值分别由34～45的RTNM模式下,当SPAD阈值介于38～41之间时(氮肥用量120～165kgN·ha-1)可以改善稻米的外观品质和加工品质;汕优63则以SPAD阈值36～39(氮肥用量:120～165kgN·ha-1)范围内有利于改善米质。SSNM模式下以SPAD施肥阈值为37-39(氮肥用量130kgN·ha-1)进行氮肥运筹能显著改善两优培九的加工品质、外观品质和营养品质;SSNM模式下汕优63以SPAD阈值为35～37时稻米品质相对较好,同时产量也比较高。【结论】实时实地氮肥管理能较好地协调水稻产量和品质的关系,关键措施是依据品种特性确定适宜的预设SPAD阈值。在本试验条件下,实时实地氮肥管理模式两优培九以SPAD38～39、汕优63以SPAD35～37左右时能获得较高的产量和部分地改善米质,可以作为生产上应用实时实地氮肥管理时的推荐阈值。[Objective] The objective of the study is to elucidate the effect on grain yield and its quality based on real-time （RTNM） and site-specific N management （SSNM）, [ Method ] The experiments under field conditions were conducted in 2004 and 2005 with indica hybrid rice Liangyoupei9（LYP9） and Shanyou63（SY63）, Different fertilizer-N doses were covered based on RTNM and SSNM with various proposed SPAD thresholds, [Result] The results showed that grain yield of LYP9 and SY63 under N-application treatment increased by 21. 12%-57.65%, 15.00%-31, 18% compared to no N-application treatment respectively based on RTNM; They increased by 45.44%-50.71%, 28.53%-32.40% compared to no N-application treatment respectively based on SSNM, Among the tested SPAD thresholds of RTNM with LYP9, the optimal threshold for better grain quality was 38-41, and which was 36-39 for SY63 accordingly, The recommended SPAD thresholds were 38-41 for LYP9, and 36-39 for SY63, which might obtain higher grain yield and better grain quality based on RTNM, The optimal SPAD thresholds for LYP9 and SY63 were 37-39 and 35-37 respectively, when higher grain yield and better quality were considered synchronously based on SSNM, [Conclusion] The results indicate the possibility of harmonizing the conflict of higher yield and better quality under optimal SPAD thresholds based on rice variety properties using SSNM or RTNM, The SPAD thresholds value of 38-39 for LYP9 and 35-37 for SY63 were recommended for SSNM dissemination.

关 键 词：水稻 SPAD阈值 实时实地氮肥管理 产量 稻米品质 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]