野黄瓜与栽培黄瓜种间杂种F_1雌雄配子发生和发育的细胞学研究  

Cytological Studies on Male and Female Gametophytes Development in an Interspecific Hybrid F_1 from Cucumis hystrix Chakr.×C. sativus L.

作　　者：罗向东[1] 戴亮芳[1] 钱春桃[1] 陈劲枫[1] 

机构地区：[1]作物遗传与种质创新国家重点实验室南京农业大学园艺学院

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2007年第2期338-344,共7页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(30470120;30671419);国家"863"计划项目(2004AA241120);国际腌渍协会腌渍种子研究基金(Pickle Seed Research Fund of Pickle Packer International;Inc.)

摘　　要：【目的】探讨野黄瓜(Cucumis hystrix Chakr.,2n=24)与栽培黄瓜‘NC4406’(C.sativus L.,2n=14)的种间杂种F1(2n=19)雌雄配子发生、发育特点,为种间亲缘关系、杂种可育和败育机制提供细胞学证据。【方法】采用减数分裂制片法和石蜡切片法分别观察研究雄配子和雌配子发生、发育过程,并通过回交试验测定雌雄配子的实际育性水平。【结果】花粉母细胞减数分裂中期I中存在单价体、二价体、三价体和四价体等多种染色体构型;后期I和后期II中常出现落后染色体和染色体桥,最终导致了多分体的形成和只有部分小孢子能发育成正常可育的花粉粒(约占总数的23.3%)。杂种F1雌配子体发育过程中常出现胚囊退化或产生无极性的异常胚囊,只有40%左右的胚囊能发育成正常的8核胚囊。正反回交的平均结籽数分别为22.8和6.3粒/果,表明该杂种F1的雌雄配子均具有一定的授粉受精能力。【结论】尽管该种间杂种F1仅具有部分育性,但它的减数分裂过程证明了野黄瓜和栽培黄瓜的染色体组发生了广泛的交换和重组,表明这一种间杂种F1在转导野生有用性状中将能发挥重要作用。[Objective] The object of the study was to establish the developmental sequence and characterize the male and female gametophytes in an interspecific hybrid F1 of Cucumis hystrix Chakr.X C. sativus L. （NC4406）. Scientists also aimed to provide cytological data for illumination of a phylogenic relationship, the mechanism of fertility or sterility in the hybrid F1. [Method] Male and female gametophytes development were studied through meiotic analysis and paraffin section observation, respectively. Meanwhile, the fertility level was assessed through hybrid Fl backcrossing to cultivated cucumber ‘4406＇. [Result] Variable chromosome configurations were observed in the pollen mother cells （PMCs） of hybrid F1 at metaphase I, e.g. univalents, bivalents, trivalents and quadrivalents, et al. At anaphase I and II, chromosome lagging and bridges were frequently observed as well, which led to formation of polyads. Only partial microspores could developed into fertile pollen grains （about 23.3%）. Observations of paraffin sections found lots of degenerated and abnormal embryo sacs during the female gametophytes development. Only 40% female gametophytes could develop into normal 8- nuclear megaspores. On average, 22.8 and 6.3 seeds per fruit could be obtained from the reciprocal backcross, respectively.[Conclusion]The interspecific hybrid F1 of C. hystrixX ‘NC4406＇ was partially fertile. Meiotic behaviors of hybrid F1 showed intergenomic recombination of high level between C. hystrix and C. sativus chromosome, which indicated that it will be play an important role for introgression of useful traits from C. hystrix into C. sativus.

关 键 词：野黄瓜 栽培黄瓜 种间杂种 雄配子体 雌配子体 

分 类 号：S642.2[农业科学—蔬菜学]