用垂直阵和单水听器测量水下目标辐射噪声的误差分析及其修正方法  

Error analysis and correction method of underwater vessel radiated noise measurement by vertical array and single hydrophone

作　　者：吴国清[1] 王美刚[2] 陈守虎[1] 马力[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院声学研究所,北京100080 [2]山西大学工程学院信息系,太原030013

出　　处：《声学学报》2007年第5期398-403,共6页Acta Acustica

基　　金：大连水下测控技术国家重点实验室基金

摘　　要：文章给出了水声波导模型下垂直阵和单水听器测量水下目标辐射噪声的误差和修正方法,以便使两种测量结果一致和统一。在设定典型水声波导的参数后,用波数积分方法计算出声源到垂直阵各阵元的信道传输函数,再推导出垂直嵌套阵聚焦波束的信道传输函数,从而得到单水听器和垂直嵌套阵的测量误差。数值计算表明在70 m海深条件下,不同深度单水听器测量单频信号频谱级起伏达15 dB以上,总声级测量误差的均值为3 dB,而垂直嵌套阵测量单频信号频谱级起伏仅4 dB,总声级测量误差的均值趋于0 dB。海上实验测量单频信号声源级的结果与数值计算的起伏一致,海试中垂直阵获得较高的空间增益。结论是在浅海条件下垂直阵的测量精度高于单水听器的测量精度,用单水听器测量的目标总声级需要修正时可以修正,而用单水听器测量的单频信号声源级则难以修正。A single hydrophone is used for measuring noise radiated from underwater vessel as a traditional method. In order to measure low noise vessel, the method of using vertical array is developing in recent years. The measurement results of the two methods are consistent in free sound field, are different in waveguide. The purpose of this paper is to find out measurement error and its correction, and make the results of the two methods consistent. After defining parameters of a typical waveguide, the transmission functions from sound source to each hydrophone of a vertical array are calculated by wavenumber integration, and then the transmission function of focus beam of vertical array is deduced, .finally the measurement errors of the two ways are found. Numerical computation reveals that in the sea of 70 m depth, the measured sound level of a sine signal in different depth varies up 15 dB for single hydrophone measurement, up 7 dB for vertical array measurement. The mean of measurement error of wide band sound level trends to 3 dB for single hydrophone and to 0 dB for vertical array measurement. Additionally the paper gives the measurement result of sound level of a sine signal on an ocean experiment, which is consistent with numerical computation. The vertical array obtains obvious space gain in the ocean experiment. It is concluded that the measurement precision of vertical array is higher than that of single hydrophone, the measured wide band sound level by single hydrophone needs correction that is realizable, while the correction of the sine signal level by single hydrophone is very difficult.

关 键 词：水下目标辐射噪声 测量误差 修正方法 误差分析 垂直阵 水听器 信号频谱 传输函数 

分 类 号：TB565.1[交通运输工程—水声工程]