论阿尔蒙德的政治发展理论  

On Almond’s Theory of Political Development

作　　者：陈剩勇[1] 钟冬生[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江大学公共管理学院,浙江杭州310027

出　　处：《浙江大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2007年第5期70-79,共10页Journal of Zhejiang University:Humanities and Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社会科学基金资助项目(04BZZ012)

摘　　要：阿尔蒙德的政治发展理论可谓结构分化理论,主张政治发展就是政治功能的发展,把结构分化当做功能发展的基本方式来达到政治体系的体系、过程和政策功能的完善,最终实现政治发展。一切政治体系都必须完成体系、过程和政策的结构分化任务,但道路不一,发达国家走的是渐进道路,发展中国家则必须走相对激进的道路,且两者的分化类型和困难也各不相同。根据该理论,政治发展最终要分化出公民参政的结构来,这预示着21世纪那些已经具备一定政府能力和经济能力的发展中国家,必须转向公民参政和福利,完成政治过程的结构分化,结束低人权状态,否则同样有崩溃的危险。阿尔蒙德的政治发展理论夸大了结构分化的普遍性,具有美国中心论色彩。The research of political development emerging in the realm of international politics was the most innovative area after World War II, and later this research has once been treated coldly for some reasons. From the 21st century on have emerged many new trends in the process of political development of various countries, propelled by economic globalization and political democracy. And the research of political development has gone once again back to the theoretical frontier. Almond＇ s theory of political development may be called the theory of structural differentiation, which takes all the political communities ever existing in the human society as the political systems with the same functions and the same structures and insists that the political development should be the development of political function, emphasizing that political structures must be adapted to political functions to realize the latter, while taking structural differentiation as the basic way of functional development. Through structural differentiation can be perfected the function of political system in terms of system, process and policy so as to realize the political development finally. All political systems must finish the task of structural differentiation of system, process and policy, but the way is not the only one. Western countries take a gradual way, while the developing counties have to take a radical way. Their types and difficulties of differentiation are different from each other. According to the Almond＇s theory, the political development will give rise to the political structures of citizens＇ participation. It indicates that those developing countries qualified for proper government capacity and economic capability in the 21st century must turn to the citizens＇ participation in politics of government and welfare, realizes the structural differentiation of political process, and ends the low level of human rights. Otherwise, the government would be in danger of collapse. Some faults can be found in Almond＇ s theor

关 键 词：阿尔蒙德 政治发展 结构分化 结构-功能主义 

分 类 号：D09[政治法律—政治学]