《经典释文》重纽反切的统计及结构特点  

On the New Data and Structural Features of Chongniu Used in Classics Annotated and Glossed

作　　者：黄笑山[1] 李秀芹[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江大学汉语史研究中心,浙江杭州310028

出　　处：《浙江大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2007年第5期134-143,共10页Journal of Zhejiang University:Humanities and Social Sciences

基　　金：教育部人文社科重点研究基地重大项目(02JAZJD740019)

摘　　要：用反切比较法和反切结构分析法重新统计观察《经典释文》首音中重纽反切,可以发现《经典释文》首音重纽反切结构具有两条规律:(1)用A或B类切上字时,切上字决定被切字的重纽归属;(2)切下字的声母类型可以区分被切字的重纽归属。按A、B类上字和非A、B类上字分别考察《经典释文》的重纽反切,仅有0.9%的反切不能区分重纽,这跟前贤认为《经典释文》不能清楚地区分重纽的看法大不相同。区分重纽时,规律1先于规律2起作用,但A、B类上字的区分率(45.13%)远远低于下字声母的区分率(95.80%)。因此,规律2是反映重纽的语音内涵的主要规律,规律1是反切和谐的表现。It is academically recognized that the first-glossed sound according to the fanqie spelling （the ancient method of demonstrating the pronunciation of a Chinese character by using two other Chinese characters）is the standard sound accepted in Classics Annotated and Glossed （Jingdian Shiwen） prepared by Lu Deming, a famous Chinese phonologist in the Tang dynasty. Based on all the first fanqi spellings of chongniu in Jingdian Shiwen the authors have newly listed and on the statistical analyses they have made of the relationship between the categories of upper spellings and their spelled words as well as of the relationship between the categories of lower spellings and their spelled words by comparing the fanqie structure with the corresponding items in Qieyun （《切韵》）, this paper concludes that there are only 0. 9% of fanqies which cannot distinguish the chongniu doublets. And this conclusion is quite different from those reached by other scholars who believe that the fanqie in Jingdian Shiwen could not clearly distinguish the chongniu doublets. We have found two laws concerning the structure of chongniu fanqie in Jingdian Shiwen： （1） The law of the upper spelling, which belongs to the Type A and Type B that can represent the chongniu category of the spelled words. （2） The law of the lower spelling, that is, the initial class of the lower spellings hints the chongniu category. The first law means that we can know the chongniu category if we know the upper spelling belongs to Type A （the fourth division chongniu final） or Type B （the third division chongniu final）, whatever the lower spelling is. Specifically, when the upper spelling chongniu final; and when the upper spell division chongniu final. When the upper 99.51 percent of more than 1 645 chongniu fanq less than half upper fa ies. Z nql hat of the ch spellings that es of this kind is to say, the ongniu fanqies. is Type B,the spelled word belongs to the third divisio ing is Type A, the spelled word belongs to the fourt sp

关 键 词：《经典释文》 重纽 反切 数量统计 结构特点 

分 类 号：H11[语言文字—汉语]